PSY-2212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Influence Of Mass Media, Twin Study, Reinforcement
Document Summary
Mid-to-late 90"s: war on drugs stat"s fluctuate over time, independent of enforcement efforts and more in line with other societal forces: cocaine. U. s. lifetime prevalence was low in 2002: 2. 7%; 2013: 14. 3% (national survey of drug use & health, nsduh, 2014: nicotine. U. s. lifetime prevalence of cigarette use at a low in mid-90"s (< 25%), but in 2013 61. 8% of all people over 12 years old reported having smoked (nsduh, 2014) However: among 10th graders, in 1996 61. 2% reported having used cigarettes; 2013: 25. 7% (u. michigan, 2014) Regular use (> 1/2 pack/day) has declined in adolescents since mid-90"s enforcement of 18-to-buy laws, or higher taxes: marijuana. Nida, 2013: ~12 million u. s. adults (age 25+) used marijuana at least monthly, trend increasing (nsduh, 2014) Genetics: twin studies: moderate genetic influence for both smoking and alcoholism, polychromosomal: #1, 2, 4, 7, and 11.
