HST 101 Lecture Notes - Great Trek, Thomas Raffles, Mercantilism
Document Summary
New africa states: serious drought hit the coastlands of southeastern africa in the early nineteenth century and led to conflicts over grazing and farming lands. During these conflicts shaka used strict military drill and close-combat warfare in order to build the zulu kingdom: some neighboring africans created their own states (such as. Swaziland and lesotho) in order to protect themselves against the expansionist zulu kingdom. Shaka ruled the zulu kingdom for little more than a decade, but he succeeded in creating a new national identity as well as a new kingdom. In west africa movements to purify islam led to the construction of new states through the classic muslim pattern of jihad. The largest of these reform movements occurred in the hausa states and led to the establishment of the sokoto caliphate (1809 . 1906): the new muslim states became centers of islamic learning and reform.
