ASAMST 20A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Emilio Aguinaldo, George Dewey, Philippine Revolution
23 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Filipino Migration Otoer 13
I. Spanish colonialism in Philippines
• 1521 Ferdinand Magellan: made contact with the Philippines Islands
• 1560 King Philip: the island was claimed and named by Spain.
• 300 year colonial rule
o Caste system
o Elite landowning class
o Rise of the Catholic Church
o New class and race hierarchy
▪ Spaniards: top of the hierarchy (whites)
▪ Mestizo: mixed raced
▪ Indios: full race Filipinos
II. Colonialism not passively accepted
• Illustrados: educated mixed-raced Mestizos
• 1861-1896 Jose Rizal
o Led the Propaganda Movement which was a democratic movement
o Critiqed church and land holding
o Nolu Mu Tagiee
• 1869-1964 Emilio Aguinaldo
o Katipunan: organization
o Leads an armed insurrection against the Spaniards in the 1890s
III. Philippine Revolution (1896)
• Rizal executed by the Spanish in 1896
• Aguinaldo is exiled to Hong Kong where he used as a base for the independence
movement
• Spain ousted in 1898 dealing with 2 events:
o Philippine Insurrection
o Spanish-American War takes place, beginning in the Caribbean and extending to
the Philippines
IV. Jose Ignacio Paua
• Leader of the revolutionary force, Katipunan
• Paua was a Chinese person that migrated for the Fujian
• Cut queue in 1898, no longer considered himself a Chinese subject
• Joined the rebel army, and surrendered in 1900
V. Spanish US War (1898)
• USS Maine Incident: US uses the blowing up of a Spanish ship as a reason for war.
• Spain is defeated
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• Paris Peace Treaty (1898): ceded Spanish territories to US; people living in these areas
are technically US citizens since they are US territories.
o Guam
o Puerto Rico
o Cuba (US protectorate)
o Philippines
VI. Spanish American War (1898)
• Treaty of Paris favored the US
o Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
o Cuba, Guantanamo Bay
o Sea lane to the Panama Canal
• US is gaining international influence as a global power at this point
VII. 1898 US Replaces Spain
• Aguinaldo declares independence for the Philippines
• Admiral George Dewey: enters Manila Bay
• Aguinaldo and Dewey were common allies against Spain
• Ownership transfer to US for $20 million
VIII. US Philippine War (1899-1902)
• US and Philippines Republic in combat after defeat of Spain
• US annexation of Spain
• Republic defeated in 1902
• Aeia’s fist oloial a
• Casualties: 1 million Filipinos, and 4000 American lives
• ¼ of the Luzon area perishes
• Aguinaldo is captured and the US takes control
IX. Anti-Imperialist League
• Opposed aeatio of “pai’s foe oloies ad US intervention in Philippines
• Believed in the principle of self-determination
• Sought application of Treaty of Versailles (1919), which provided a glimmer of hope to
colonies for independence
• Supported Philippine independence
• Senator George Hoar, William James, and Mark Twain were against the colonization of
the Philippines
X. Why US intervention in the Philippines?
• American frontier is running out of space (Midwest and the West) and being settled
• Rivalry with other imperialist powers
• “tategi loatio as the steppig stoe/gatea to Chia as a efuelig statio
• Economic factors:
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