ASAMST 20A Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Immigration And Nationality Act Of 1965, Cold War, China Lobby
23 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Reasos for Chages i New Asia
Iigratio November
I. 1950s
• Loyalty challenged (during WWII and the Cold War)
• McCarran Internal Security Act:
o Focused on looking at ideologies
o Required the registration of subversives
II. Perpetual foreigner
• WWII: Japanese Americans were viewed as foreigners, even if they were American born
• Korean War: Chinese Americans were viewed negatively as perpetual foreigners
• Forced assimilation= loss of culture/identity
o Accusation of disloyalty
o Confession programs: no guarantee of citizenship.
III. Dual domination
• US government loyalty repressive measures:
o Surveillance
o Suspension of the press (ie: Chinese Daily News)
o Deportations
o Suspension of citizenship rights
• For foreign sources:
o KMT establishment
o Required loyalty
o Informants
o Violence/intimidation
o Extraterritoriality
o Dual citizenship
o China Lobby: lobby to ensure that the US fully supported Taiwan.
• Dual domination affected the Filipinos and Korean Americans as well because their
goeret’s had a hea had o politics in the US.
IV. Asian Americans as scapegoats (targeted/blamed for social problems)
• During the exclusion era, each wave of Asian migration were excluded and lumped
racially.
o Unemployed
o Fear of Yellow Peril
o Racial profiled
• Asian groups:
o Japanese American: internment, loyalty oaths (#27,28)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ WWII wartime hysteria when loyalty were questioned
o Chinese American: confession programs, Consul General Drumright, family
associations were subpoenas
▪ Cold war era (anti-communism)
V. Immigration Policy (pre-1965)
• McCarran-Walters Act (1952) discriminatory towards Asians.
• National Origins Quota: kept the majority of the population white (admitting around
3,000 Asians)
• Rooted in white supremacy and favored Western Europe:
o Based upon 2% of US population in the turn of the century
o 70% of immigrants were from the UK, Ireland, and Germany
o Miniscule immigration from Eastern Europe and Asia
VI. 2000 Asian American population
• Diversity: groups, class, nativity, culture, religion, political orientation (communist vs.
noncommunist), education, and employment skills
• Previous to 1965, the entire Asian population was 900,000. After the exclusion law,
there was a large jump in Asian numbers and around 10 Asian groups represented.
o New Asian groups: Hmong, Vietnamese, Laotians, Cambodian, and Thai
VII. Social makeup comparisons
• Pre-1965:
o Homogenous class structure: usually middle-class and urbanized.
o Bachelor societies
o Limited family settlement
o Chinese students and scholars (in small numbers)
• Post-1965:
o Bifurcated class structure
o Entry of professionals increased (doctors, lawyers, engineers)
o Asian capital influx
o Assimilated and non-assimilated generations of Asian Americans
o Family immigration
VIII. Civil Rights Era legislation
• 1954 Civil Rights Act:
o Pushed for desegregation
o Employment equality: outlawed discrimination in the workplace.
• 1965 Voting Rights Act:
o Ended discrimination at voting booths
• 1968 Fair Housing Act: outlawed discrimination in housing (ie: redlining, blockbusting).
• 1965 Immigration Act (Hart-Cellar)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
I(cid:373)(cid:373)igratio(cid:374) november (cid:1005)(cid:1004: 1950s, loyalty challenged (during wwii and the cold war, mccarran internal security act, focused on looking at ideologies, required the registration of subversives. Dual domination: us government loyalty repressive measures, surveillance, suspension of the press (ie: chinese daily news, deportations, suspension of citizenship rights, for foreign sources, kmt establishment, required loyalty. Informants: violence/intimidation, extraterritoriality, dual citizenship, china lobby: lobby to ensure that the us fully supported taiwan, dual domination affected the filipinos and korean americans as well because their go(cid:448)er(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t"s had a hea(cid:448)(cid:455) ha(cid:374)d o(cid:374) politics in the us. 2000 asian american population: diversity: groups, class, nativity, culture, religion, political orientation (communist vs. noncommunist), education, and employment skills, previous to 1965, the entire asian population was 900,000. After the exclusion law, there was a large jump in asian numbers and around 10 asian groups represented: new asian groups: hmong, vietnamese, laotians, cambodian, and thai.
