ASAMST 20A Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Gunboat Diplomacy, Hermit Kingdom, Yangban
6 Dec 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Korean Migration
Context
Hawaii US Mainland
Community Organizations
●What effect did the colonial experience have on Korean settlement in the US?
●Background on Korea
○History of foreign intervention
○Related to location
■Adjoining 3 nations
○Suzerainty of China (1630-1875)
●Choson (Yi) Dynasty (1392-1910)
○Centralized dynastic structure--King
○Yangban (nobility)
○Chungin (middle classes, bureaucrats, technical)
○Yangmin (peasants, craftsmen)
○Chonmin (marginalized peoples: butchers, prostitutes, indentured slaves)
●Gunboat diplomacy on “Hermit Kingdom”
○French (1866)
○Americans (1871)
○Japan (1875)
■Unyo Incident (1875)
●Similar to Perry
■Treaty of Kanghwa (1876)
●Japanese Treaty ports
●Extra-territoriality
●Decline Chinese controls
●Japan and other Western nations enter
●Tonghak Uprising (1892-1894)
○Eastern Learning Movement
■Yangban and peasants
■Anti-Western
○Royal family divided
■China
■Japan
●Japan takes hold
○1894-1895: Sino-Japanese War. China defeated
○1904-1905: Russo-Japanese War. Russia defeated
○1905 Korea becomes protectorate of Japan
■Treaty of Portsmouth
●Russo-Japanese War 1905
○Treaty of Portsmouth
■President Theodore Roosevelt convenes
■Korea becomes Japanese protectorate
○1905: Japan halts immigration to Hawaii
○1910: Annexation
●Taft-Katsura Treaty (1905)
○William H. Taft: Taro Katsura
○Non-intervention
○Spheres of influence
■Japan in Korea
■US in Philippines
○Backdrops
■1905 SF School Board
■1907 Gentlemen's Agreements
●Colonization
○China—Britain, US…
○Japan—US—Meiji
○Korea—Japan
○Philippines—Spain—US
○India—Britain
●Comparisons
○Similar effects
■Decline in cottage indus
■High tax revenues
■Land dispossession
○Differences
■China semi-colonized
■Japan not colonized
■Korea fully colonized
●1910: Korea colonized by Japan
○Areas affected: finance, banking, agriculture, forestry, mining, transportation,
education, culture, jurisprudence, internal security, local administration and the
royal household. Private homes
●1901 Hawaii Governor’s Report
○Plantation owners concern
○Governor’s report 1901 addressed labor shortage
■Japan majority labor force
■Needed some other nationality
Document Summary
Chonmin (marginalized peoples: butchers, prostitutes, indentured slaves) Areas affected: finance, banking, agriculture, forestry, mining, transportation, education, culture, jurisprudence, internal security, local administration and the royal household. Korean immigration was the solution to japanese labor solidarity. Arranged passage to japan then to hawaii. Christian missionaries influential in korean migration to hawaii. Christianity more successful in korea than china. Japan seen as major oppressor, annexation 1910. Church not equated with western colonialism as in china. American missionaries focused on preaching to korean women. Confucian hierarchy defined men and women"s roles. Emperor, father, older brothers, husbands, eldest son. Male peers equal if in same socioeconomic class. 1902-5 recruited 7000 korean laborers to hawaii. Philip jaisohn: convened 1st korean congress 1919. Ahn chang-ho: moral and spiritual voice of movement. Durham stevens by jang (chang) in-hwan and jeon myeong-un 1908. 1907 gentlemen"s agreement and all anti asian legislation.
