EPS 80 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Subduction, Convergent Boundary, Large Igneous Province
13 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Dig a hole, i. e kimberley diamond mine, south africa. Seismic wave velocity changes indicate differences in state (solid vs liquid) and composition. Earthquakes, volcanoes, nuclear explosions may generate seismic wave. Look at how wave speed changes in the earth. Combining indirect studies gives us the basic models for structure of earth. Mass solid metal crystals (iron and nickel) Continental (20-90km): all the earth"s land surfaces (calcium, potassium, al-richi silicates) Oceanic (7-10km): under the ocean (iron, magnesium, sodium rich silicates) In contrast to the picture, the interior of the earth is dynamic. It"s a heat engine - thermal energy causes circulation or convection - in the outer core and mantle. The hawaiian islands - a trail of hotspot volcanoes - plate moves, hotspot stationary: mantle convection. A theory explaining the structure of the earth"s crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from all plates being in motion. At transform-fault boundaries, plates slide horizontally past each other.
