INTEGBI 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Ramus Communicans, Preganglionic Nerve Fibers, Motor Neuron

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6 Jan 2020

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Pns > motor division > somatic & autonomic ns. Innervates: smooth muscle in organs & blood vessels, cardiac muscle, glands. Autonomic motor system ( two neurons v) neurons different from in somatic motor system (myelinated, one axon ) Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions/ns innervate same structures, cause. Preganglionic fibers from lateral gray horn in spinal cord. Supplies visceral organs & superficial body fight/flight. Axons of sympathetic neurons run through sympathetic trunk contains more ganglia than pns ganglia/chain ganglia/paravertebral ganglia (on sides of vertebral column, linked by short nerves into sympathetic trunks) Preganglionic axon (myelination like ans^): ventral root. > ventral ramus of spinal nerve > white ramus communicans > associated sympathetic trunk ganglion. Postganglionic axon (//): gray ramus communicans > White rami communicans contain preganglionic: thinly myelinated ventral ramus of spinal nerve (t1-4) fibers traveling > sympathetic trunk ganglia. Gray rami communicans contain post-ganglionic: unmyelinated fibers. Sympathetic pathways to traveling from ganglia > peripheral structures.

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1. The autonomicnervous system consists of a _________ neuron chain that branchesinto the periphery. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2. There are twodivisions of the ANS, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. Theparasympathetic division __________ body energy requirements and ismost active during________________. The sympathetic divisiongenerally enables the body to use stored energy and is activeduring ______________.

3. Compared to thesomatic nervous system, the first neuron in the ANS is ___________myelinated. The second order neuron is generally un____________.

4. The second orderneuron in the chain that innervates the adrenal glands is reallythe release of NE and Epi into the ____________________.

5. The __________nerve is the parasympathetic branch that innervates the heart aswell as a majority of other visceral organs.

6. The first orderneuron in the ANS chain almost always releases ________________into the synapse. The NTs released from the second order neurons ofthe sympathetic division are usually ________________ and___________________, while the second order neuron of the PNSusually releases _____________________.

7. Theparasympathetic division is sometimes called the _______________division because of the location from which the nerves arise.

8. The sympatheticdivision is sometimes called the _______________ division becauseof the location from which the nerves arise.

9. Which nervecarries about 90% of all parasympathetic traffic?

10. Most tissues/organs arecontinuously innervated by the ANS, that is, they have ____________tone.

11. The ANS regulatesunconscious processes that maintain _____________________, a termcoined by Walter Canon.

12. List and understand thethree different routes for preganglionic neurons in the sympatheticbranch.

13. Compare and contrast theneuronal divergence (pre- to postganglionic neurons) of the PNS andthe SNS. What does this mean? How does the adrenal gland and itmedullary secretions affect these contrasting effects?

14. The ganglions in the PNSare __________ to the effector organs than the ganglions in theSNS. Considering myelination, how does this affect speed oftransmission between the two systems?

15. List the receptor typesfor Ach and NE. Which are usually excitatory, inhibitory orboth?

16. The smooth muscle aroundthe blood vessels is innervated by the sympathetic branch of theANS. What occurs to dilate those vessels?

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INTEGBI 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Ramus Communicans, Preganglionic Nerve Fibers, Motor Neuron

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