INTEGBI 175LF Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Common Side-Blotched Lizard, Vocal Folds, Vomeronasal Organ
14 May 2018
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Lecture 18: SQUAMATA - LIZARDS AND SNAKES
●70 families, 10.3k sp. (6.6k lizards, 3.7k snakes)
●characteristics/synapomorphies:
○Monophyletic
○Highly kinetic skull:
■Joint at frontoparietal suture (mesokinetic articulation), not in herbivores
■Joint at parietal-supraoccipitals (metakinetic articulation)
■May increase speed of jaw adduction and increase gape
■Secondary loss of kinesis in herbivores
○Hemipenes :
■Covered in spines/ridges, uni/bicapitate → sp-specific
■Sulcus spermaticus : carries sperm from cloaca, groove on outside
■Everted when in use, retractor muscles reinvert aterward
■Stored in base of tail
○Expensive sensory epithelium in vomeronasal (Jacobson’s) organ :
■Olfactory, taste buds
■VN system opens directly into oral cavity → receives chem signals from tongue
■Ancestral state: use tongue for prey capture, re-evolved by Iguanians
■Freed tongue for chemosensory
○Extra-oral chemoreception via tongue
○Behavioral thermoreg (not synap)
●Lizards :
○6.6k sp. in 44 families
○Pangean origin
○Senses: difer in emphasis
■Vision: acute, pure-cone retina (even geckos at night)
■Hearing: well-dev besides burrowers, tymp fixed to lateral edge of quadrate and
to retroarticular process of mandible
■Vocalization: only in geckos, have vocal cords
○Reproduction:
■Territoriality : esp in Iguanians… why?
●Sites rich in food
●F territories
■M-biased sexual dimorphism/dichromatism
■Rock-paper-scissors (Uta stansburiana):
■Fighting avoided thru stereotyped threat displays
■Visual communication: conspicuous coloration, structures, movements
■Non-terr sp: mate searching and guarding
■Monogamy - Australian Skinks:
●Long lived (30+)
●Mate for life, if partner dies, done
●Vivip w/ small litters
■Parthenogenesis :
Document Summary
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