NUSCTX 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Dietary Fiber, Portal Vein, Dietary Reference Intake
26 Feb 2015
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25% of kcal (dris: fiber 14g/1000kcal is adequate intake. Average intake = 1 fruit and 1 or fewer whole grain servings/day. 25 g/d women under 50 (21 g/d after 51) 38 g/d men under 50 (30 g/d after 51) Functions of digestible carbohydrates: provide energy: 4 kcal/g, spare protein from being metabolized. Fat cannot spare protein because fat cannot be converted into carbohydrates (although carbohydrates can be converted into fat) Incomplete breakdown of fatty acids (fat is partially broken down into ketone bodies which circulate in the blood and cause negative effects: prevent ketosis. Functions of indigestible carbohydrates (fiber: promote bowel health. Prevent diverticulosis and diverticulitis: reduce obesity risk. Fullness and satiety: enhance blood glucose control, reduce cholesterol absorption. September 23, 2014: mouth, stomach, small intestine. Pancreatic amylase secreted into small intestine to break polysaccharides into disaccharides. Specific enzymes in small intestine break down disaccharides: maltase maltose; sucrase sucrose; lactase lactose. Fiber not broken down: liver, large intestine.
