BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Intermembrane Space, Anaerobic Respiration, Acetaldehyde

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chocolatetortoise260

13 Oct 2016

School

Binghamton University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 118

Professor

Jeane Lawless

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Document Summary

All organisms use glucose to build fats, carbs, and other compounds. Cells recover glucose by breaking down these molecules. Used to make atp through cellular respiration or fermentation. Each of the 4 steps of cellular respiration consists of chemical reactions, distinct starting molecule, characteristic set of products. Carbon atoms of glucose are oxidized to form co2. Oxygen atoms in oxygen are reduced to form water. The result is change in free enery used to synthesize atp from adp and pi. Cellular respiration is any set of reactions that produce atp in an electron transport chain. Metabolism (all chemical reactions involved in maintaining organism) thousands of different chemical reactions that are either catabolic or anabolic pathways. Catabolic pathways involve the breakdown of molecules and production of atp. Often harvest stored chem energy to produce atp. Anabolic pathways result in synthesis of larger molecules from smaller components, often use energy in form of atp.

Related Questions

1.Aerobic cellular respiration: In the absence of oxygen â what processes stop? Why do they stop?

2. Do the reactions that are unique to fermentation itself (not the reactions of glycolysis that precede the fermentation-specific steps) provide the cell with additional useful high-energy molecules? Explain briefly. If you answered yes â how many high-energy molecules and what kind? If you answered no â then why does the cell do the fermentation step?

3. Do the cells in your body do fermentation? Explain.

4. When cells use fermentation instead of aerobic cellular respiration, is NAD+/NADH involved in this process? What happens to this molecule? Explain briefly.

5. Your body can harness energy from sources besides carbohydrates like glucose. Briefly explain how proteins and fats can be broken down and funneled into the reactions of cellular respiration.

1.Oxygen that is consumed during cellular respiration is returned to the environment once it has been combined with which of the following substances?

	ATP or inorganic phosphates
	elemental carbon
	nitrates or sulfates
	glucose or nitrogen
	carbon or hydrogen

2.Redox reactions involving Fe2+ and Fe3+ occur during aerobic cellular respiration. Where do these reactions take place?

	Krebs cycle
	glycolysis
	the electron transport chain
	the outer mitochondrial membrane
	the cell membrane

3.The alternate fates of pyruvate in various organisms is primarily due to

	optimizing the concentration of important biochemical intermediates
	regenerating NAD+ for further reduction in the cytoplasm
	maximizing ATP production in the mitochondrion
	maximizing electron flow through the electron transport chain
	none of the above

rubyreindeer792

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Intermembrane Space, Anaerobic Respiration, Acetaldehyde

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