BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Body Plan, Long Interspersed Nuclear Element, Synteny
11 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Uninterrupted coding sequences, little space between genes, few regulatory sequences. As genes increase, proportionally increase size of genomes. Huge amounts of non coding dna (ncdna) , many repeated sequences, larger more genes. Lateral gene transfer (horizontal) - gene transfer btwn organisms in a form other than reproduction. Synteny- conserved arrangements of segments of dna in related genomes, helps determine evolutionary relationships. Chromosome duplicationcan sometimes lead to the evolution of genes, however it is usually deleterious. Exon shuffling and deletions can lead to novel proteins and protein function. Single copy genes - a single copy of a unique gene in the genome. Tandem clusters - clusters of identical copies of genes transcribed simultaneous. Form through gene duplication an extra copy of a gene is added to the chromosome, can be due to unequal cross over. Multigene families - a set of several similar genes formed through gene duplication.
