BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Walther Flemming, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Deoxyribose
Document Summary
By 1900"s, it was known that chromosomes are the genetic material. Nature and role of gametes was understood. Chromosomes within any species the number of chromosomes in all somatic cells is equal. Used fruit flies to determine that chromosomes do hold the genetic info. The hereditary material: miescher (1869) soaked bandages and later salmon sperm. Dna is the genetic material in chromosomes. Genes are portions of dna in chromosomes. Dna is a large molecule with thousands of repeating units called nucleotides. Dna has 3 main parts (make a nucleotide) Uprights are alternating phosphate and sugar molecules (deoxyribose) Rungs are base pairs attached to deoxyribose. Twisted in the shape of a double helix. Chemical makeup of dna is sugar, phosphate and t-a and c-g. Sequence of dna (a,t,c,g) sequence of amino acid protein. Protein differs by type of arrangement of amino acid. Instead of a-t, t turns into u (uracil), now a-u. Creates mrna (messenger rna) to go out to ribosomes.
