HIST 104A Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Gallows, Jane Addams, Horizontal Integration
Document Summary
Horizontal integration: the ownership of as many firms as possible in a given industry by a single owner. John d. rockefeller pursued a strategy of horizontal integration when he bought up rival oil refineries. Vertical integration: the control of all elements in a supply chain by a single firm. For example andrew carnegie, a vertically integrated steel producer, sought to own suppliers of all the raw materials used in steel production. Railroad strike of 1877: after the panic of 1873, the railroads chose to pay dividends while imposing salary cuts on all non-managerial employees. The imposition of this cut, which was not the first, by the baltimore and ohio sparked a massive, national labor insurrection. The rails carried the news to the urban rail centers, where the strike spread to other industries. Pittsburgh, pennsylvania, and in chicago and brief insurrectionary seizures of power in st. louis, missouri, and toledo, ohio.
