PSYC 356 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Drug Tolerance, Classical Conditioning, Conditioned Taste Aversion
Classical Conditioning Mechanisms Stimulus Properties: Novelty
● Novelty: familiarity alters conditioning
○ CS Pre-exposure effect: familiarity with a CS retards kater conditioning
■ ie. prior burrito consumption slows taste aversion
○ US Pre-exposure effect: familiarity with a US alone slows CS development to that
US
■ ie. If you are prone GI issues, bad burritos will less likely cause taste
aversion
Why?
● Associative Interference: Pre-exposure makes stimuli less able to make new
subconscious associations
○ Inhibitory context (restaurant) may signal safety
● Memory interference: conditioning is disrupted by conscious memory of the CS or US
○ You know that at other times you didn’t get sick
Stimulus properties also affect conditioning:
Intensity- Perceptible? Example: Loudness of a tone
Salience- significance? Example: Gatorade after workout
Naturalistic? Example: Ms. Quail
Belongingness: Is the CS relevant to the US?
Garcia and Koelling (1966):
● Sickness after eating poisonous foods:
○ Interoceptive (internal) cues belong together
● Peripheral pain after sensing a predator
○ Exteroceptive cues belong together
● H2O restricted rats
TEST CONDITIONING
● During H2O, all rats exposed to:
○ CS1- Taste + CS2— Audiovisual
● Rats were divided into 2 groups:
○ Group 1: Shock
○ Group 2: Sickness
TEST TRIAL with 1 CS at a time
● Taste
● Audiovisual
Results of Garcia and Koelling (1996):
● Taste- Sickness and AV- Shock pairings were strongly conditioned
● Little conditioning w/ AV- Sickness or Taste-Shock
● Relevant CS-US pairings are much more effective
***spot check: Remember: not Associative Interference
Stimulus Properties- Belongingness
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Document Summary
Cs pre-exposure effect: familiarity with a cs retards kater conditioning ie. prior burrito consumption slows taste aversion. Us pre-exposure effect: familiarity with a us alone slows cs development to that. Why? ie. if you are prone gi issues, bad burritos will less likely cause taste aversion. Associative interference: pre-exposure makes stimuli less able to make new subconscious associations. Memory interference: conditioning is disrupted by conscious memory of the cs or us. You know that at other times you didn"t get sick. Test trial with 1 cs at a time. Taste- sickness and av- shock pairings were strongly conditioned. Little conditioning w/ av- sickness or taste-shock. Relevant cs-us pairings are much more effective. Rapid smoking: subject inhales every 6 seconds until they become nauseous. For a stimulus to become a cs it must be of weaker biological strength than its uc. A trained cs (cs1) can condition a second cs (cs2) is the cs2 is of weaker biological strength.
