CAS BI 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Alternative Splicing, Y Chromosome, Membrane Transport

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aquamarinemarten861

18 Nov 2016

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Males will express it no matter what. X chromosome- chock full of dna really only x-linked traits. X-linked traits- males are more likely to display traits inherited on their 1 x chromosome, than females on their 2 chromosome. Males will express the one copy they have. Two traits that are linked to one gene. Membrane transport affects the secretion and moisture. Usually protein in proper amount that functions normally. Recessive allele often codes for a non-functional protein. 50% is not enough, epigenetic regulation of gene expression will compensate (alternative splicing) Epigenetic- something not coded for in the genome that controls expression of the genes. Some genes don"t affect just a single trait. This protein moves cl- ions across cell membranes. Already change in the water transport (movement of cl- ions) One gene on y chromosome, codes for many of the male characteristic.

Related Questions

According to the multiplication rule of probability, the chance of crossing two pea plants that are heterozygous for height and have none of four offspring showing the recessive short phenotype is:A. Â¼ Ã Â¼ Ã Â¼ Ã Â¼.

B. Â¾ Ã Â¾ Ã Â¾ Ã Â¾.

C. (Â¼ Ã Â¼ Ã Â¼ Ã Â¼) + (Â¾ Ã Â¾ Ã Â¾ Ã Â¾).

D. Â¼ + Â¼ + Â¼ + Â¼.

E. None of the above.

What characteristic is exhibited by an X-linked trait?

a) Only females have the trait.

Females inherit X-linked traits from their maternal parent only.

c) Females can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent.

d) Males inherit X-linked traits from their paternal parent only.

e) Males can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent but normally inherit it from their fathers.

What characteristic is exhibited by a Y-linked trait?

		a) Y-linked traits appear only in male offspring of men with the trait.
		b)Y-linked traits are only passed from father to son.
		c) Y-linked traits can be passed from mother to son.
		d) Both A and B are characteristics of Y-linked traits.
		e) Both A and C are characteristics of Y-linked traits.

Which of the following codes for a phenotypic human male?

		a) XO with a copy of SRY gene on an autosomal chromosome?
		b) XXYY with one copy of the SRY gene deleted?
		c) XX with a copy of SRY gene on an autosomal chromosome?
		d) All of the above sex compliments results in a person with a sex phenotype of male.
		e) XY with the SRY gene located on an autosomal chromosome?

In Drosophila, yellow body is due to an X-linked gene (X^y) that is recessive to the gene for gray body (X⁺). A homozygous gray female is crossed with a yellow male. What are the genotypes of the F₁ progeny?

In some goats, the presence of horns is produced by an autosomal gene that is dominant in males and recessive in females. A horned female is crossed with a hornless male. The F₁ offspring are intercrossed to produce the F₂. What proportion of the F₂ females will have horns?

		a)1/2
		b)3/4
		c)1/4
		d) All
		None

a)		Females are X⁺X⁺; males are X⁺Y.
		b)Females are X⁺X⁺; males are X^yX^y.
		c)Females are X⁺X⁺; males are X^yY.
		d) Females are X⁺X^y; males are X^yY.
		e) Females are X⁺X^y; males are X⁺Y.

	Females inherit X-linked traits from their maternal parent only.
		Females can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent.
		Males inherit X-linked traits from their paternal parent only.
		Males can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent but normally inherit it from their fathers.

Males can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent but normally inherit it from their fathers.

lilacmallard101

Please explain, and no hand-written work please, please type answer

Sex-Linked Traits (traits located on the sex chromosomesâusually the X chromosome)

Follow the directions for the lab. Enter data you obtain for the following crosses and answer questions on this answer sheet. (NOTE: The traits used in this Module 3 Lab are sex-linked. Therefore, you CANNOT click the âignore sexâ button for these crosses. You need to see separate results for males and females to analyze data for sex-linked traits.)

Question: In this lab exercise, should you click the "ignore sex" button for the crosses?

1. a. Perform a monohybrid cross between a female fly with a tan body and a wild-type male fly. Show results for the F₁ offspring. (NOTE: You will use these F₁ flies in the next cross.)
ENTER DATA HERE:

Question: Are the phenotypes of the F₁ offspring what you would have predicted for this cross: why or why not?

Question: Each F₁ female received a tan allele from her mother and a wild allele from her father. Why do all of the F₁ females show the wild-type phenotype?

Question: Compare the number and type (X or Y) of sex chromosomes found in female and male flies.

Question: Compare the number of alleles present on the X and Y chromosomes.

Question: How can you tell that tan body is a sex-linked trait?

Question: How can you tell whether tan body is located on the X chromosome or the Y chromosome?

Question: If tan body was located on the Y-chromosome, what would be the phenotype of all the male F₁ offspring? Is this what you obtained for the cross above?

Question: If tan body was located on the Y-chromosome, could females even show the trait? (HINT: When analyzing the cross results, remember that Y-linked traits are passed down only from affected males to their sons. Females cannot display Y-linked traits since they do not have Y chromosomes. On the other hand, both males and females can inherit X-linked traits since they both have X chromosomes.)

PUNNETT SQUARE:

List the genotypes of the parent flies in this cross (HINT: You must use X and Y symbols):

List the gametes produced by each parent fly in this cross:

Show the Punnett Square for the above cross.

Question 1

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett square for the cross Hh x hh?

		4 x 4
		2 x 2
		2 x 1
		1 x 1

Question 2

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the phenotypes and genotypes possible in their puppies by using a Punnett Square. (provide answers on one line with commas between - xx, xx, xx, xx)

Genotypes: , ,

Phenotypes: ,

Question 3

The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles located at the same spot on the chromosome would be called ___.

		segregation
		independent assortment
		continuous variation
		discontinuous variation

Question 4

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	PP_____________
-A.B.C.	Pp____________
-A.B.C.	pp_______________

A.	purple flowers
B.	purple flowers
C.	white flowers

Question 5

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog has black fur and the male dog is homozygous dominant. Make a Punnett square to determine the chance of getting each genotype and phenotype below.

-A.B.	Probability of GG:
-A.B.	Probability of Gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gray fur:
-A.B.	Probability of black fur:

A.	100
B.	0

Question 6

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	RR______________
-A.B.C.	Rr _____________
-A.B.C.	rr ____________

A.	round seeds
B.	wrinkled seeds
C.	round seeds

Question 7

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Hairy knuckles are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans.

-A.B.C.	HH_____________
-A.B.C.	Hh ___________
-A.B.C.	hh _________________

A.	non-hairy knuckles
B.	hairy knuckles
C.	hairy knuckles

Question 8

An allele is ___.

		one of the bases in DNA
		an alternate form of a gene
		another term for epistasis
		present only in males and is responsible for sex determination

Question 9

In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Rr x RR), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring?

		Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant
		Half round, half wrinkled
		All heterozygous
		All round

Question 10

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett Square depicting a dihybrid cross?

		1 x 4
		2 x 4
		4 x 4
		2 x 2

CAS BI 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Alternative Splicing, Y Chromosome, Membrane Transport

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