CAS BI 108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: International Practical Shooting Confederation, Cell Division, Apoptosis
14 Sep 2019
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Document Summary
Stem cell concept: stem cells: early animal embryonic cells have totipotency. Each cell can develop into a complete embryo. These are embryonic stem cells (esc: cells of the blastula or blastocyst are more determined and cannot form a complete embryo, but remain pluripotent. Induced pluripotent stem cells (ipsc) from adult tissues is now the stem-cell research is heading. Fertilization: blocks entry of additional sperm, stimulates ion flux across membrane, changes ph of the egg, sperm contributes haploid dna, sperm contributes a centriole (not in all species) Gastrulation generates multiple tissue layers: the blastula is transformed into an embryo during gastrulation (movement of cells, after gastrulation the embryo has multiple tissue layers. Cell fate: type of cell it will ultimately become; a function of differential gene expression, location and morphogenesis: hans spemann experiments, starting with a gastrula, cells are not differentiated at all.
