CAS BI 114 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Vas Deferens, Urinary Tract Infection, Fallopian Tube
30 Apr 2018
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Infectious Diseases of the Urogenital Systems:
Anatomy of the Urinary System
•Kidneys - blood filtering units
•Bladder - the location where urine is stored
•Urethra - tube that transports urine out of the body
Urinary System Defenses
•Typically a sterile site
•Does not have a healthy micro biome associated with it
•Flushes site with urine
•Rarely sees pathogens
•Urine is acidic and has two antimicrobial compounds: lysozyme and lactoferrin (iron sequestration,
makes iron unavailable for bacteria)
•IgA antibodies are often secreted into the urine as well
Male Anatomy of the Reproductive and Urinary Systems
•Urination and reproduction occur in the same tube
•Sperm are made in the testes
•Testes are connected to the outside world via the vas deferent (long tube)
•Secretions are added along the way
•ex: 3 glands add material to form semen that will exit through this way
•Vas Deferenes joins with the urethra in a y-shaped junction (which releases sperm and urine)
•Urethra comes from the bladder, bringing out urine
Male Reproduction Defenses
•Flushing with urine
•Long urethra/vas deferens keeps external bacteria away from organs
Female Anatomy of the Reproductive and Urinary Systems
•Urination and reproduction are separate
•Eggs are produced in the ovaries
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•Eggs travel to the uterus via the fallopian tube
•Uterus is connected to the outside world via cervix and vagina
Female Reproduction Defenses
•Women are at higher risk for infection of urinary and reproductive tracts
•Vaginal secretions help dictate the species of microbe present
•During reproductive years, hormones change the pH of vaginal secretions (from ph of 7 - 4.5)
•Dramatic changes in the species of microbes that can persist
•Reproductive years:
•Lower pH favors lactobacillus, which thrive and outcompete most other microbes
•Candida albicans (yeast) are found in small numbers as well
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