CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Bronchus, Fractal, Pulmonary Pleurae
21 Jun 2018
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Tophat Q-
Sym and para influence HR; only Sym controls ventricle contraction
Venous return - pressure gradient
Skeletal muscle pump and …
I. Function
A. Gas exchange
A.1. Priority to get co2 out, not o2 in
B. acid base balance (maintain neutral pH)
C. Vocalization - force air up to speak
D. Immunity
E. water and heat loss
E.1. Breathe out warmer, in colder
E.2. Water loss when breathe and talk
II. Core concepts
A. Similar to cardio
B. Bulk flow based on pressure gradients
C. Muscular pump creates delta P
D. Resistance changed by diameter of conduction tubs
E. SA and branching
E.1. Fractal pattern - infinte brancing
F. F=delta P/R or flux=grad/res
III. Anatomy
A. Air nose/mouth - throat (pharynx) - below tongue split - rear is espohagus front is
air - larynx - trachea held open by rings to keep open - under sternum trachea
break into two bronchi - lungs with continued branching to bronchioles - alveolar
sacs
B. Rib muscles - intercostal muscle change shape - breathe contract and pull out to
increase space
C. Diaphragm bottom of rib cage and contracts to flatten
D. B and C make lungs bigger
IV. Lung tissue
A. Soft
A.1. Bronchioles dont have rings so very soft
B. Delicate
B.1. No connective tissue/durable material
C. Stretchy
C.1. elastic
D. Compliant
D.1. Llittle surface tension - can pull any direction
E. Odd bc dont have own skeletal musculature
V. Alveolar cells
A. Type 1 - architcture/exchange surface
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Document Summary
Sym and para influence hr; only sym controls ventricle contraction. Priority to get co2 out, not o2 in: acid base balance (maintain neutral ph, vocalization - force air up to speak. Water loss when breathe and talk: similar to cardio, bulk flow based on pressure gradients, muscular pump creates delta p, resistance changed by diameter of conduction tubs, sa and branching. Fractal pattern - infinte brancing: f=delta p/r or flux=grad/res. Llittle surface tension - can pull any direction: odd bc dont have own skeletal musculature. Alveolar cells: type 1 - architcture/exchange surface, type 2 - produce surfactant (thin oily substance that allows wet tissues to separate without crumbling) - need for inhalation. Lower surface tension of alveolus -dec h bonding. Last to develop in utero so premie babies have problems: diffusion rate prop to (sa x mb perm x conc gradient)/mb thickness.
