CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Cortisol, Adrenal Cortex, Tropic Hormone
21 Jun 2018
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I. Endocrine
A. Secreting within - used hormones
II. Hormones
A. Effects on certain organs with specific receptors
B. Can have direct effect or stimulate release of other hormones
B.1. Tropic hormones - stimulate other glands to make and release
hormones, usually also triggers growth of target gland
III. Hormone as signals
IV. Hormones and Synthesis
A. 3 structural forms - amines, peptides/proteins, and steroids
A.1. Amine - small, deriv of single AA
A.2. Protein - larger, many AA, inactive form (prohormone) and
activated upon need
A.3. Steroid - deriv from cholesterol, made on demand, cant be stored,
require protein carriers in blood
A.3.a) Made in 2 locations
(A.3.a.1) Adrenal cortex
(A.3.a.2) Gonads
V. Adrenal cortex steroid hormones
A. Aldosterone
A.1. Regulate salt retnetion during urine formation
A.2. Central regulator of BP
B. Cortisol
B.1. Regulate sugar use and storage - stress
C. Androgens (DHEA and androstenedione)
C.1. Sex drie ad female characteristics, develop of fetus and puberty
C.2. Testes and ovaries have enzymes that convert androstenedione
to estrogens or testosterone
VI. SKIP GONADAL STEROID HORMONES
VII. Hormone transport in blood
A. Steroids need protein carriers in blood
VIII. Hormone metabolism and excretion
A. Brokendown and excreted
A.1. Largely by liver and kidneys (hours to days)
A.2. Sometimes by target cells
A.3. Some by enzymes in tissues/blood (minutes to hours)
IX. Mechanism of Hormone action
A. Recptor on target cell
B. Surface (signalling pathway) for water soluble hormones, intracellular
(transcription gactors - gene expression) for lipid soluble
X. What controls hormone secretion (3 ways)
A. Monitor blood and release in response to change in plasma concentration of
some substance - neg feedback
B. Neuron stimulates - least liely to contribute to homeostasis - ususally only for
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Document Summary
Hormones: effects on certain organs with specific receptors, can have direct effect or stimulate release of other hormones. Tropic hormones - stimulate other glands to make and release hormones, usually also triggers growth of target gland. Hormones and synthesis: 3 structural forms - amines, peptides/proteins, and steroids. Protein - larger, many aa, inactive form (prohormone) and activated upon need. Steroid - deriv from cholesterol, made on demand, cant be stored, require protein carriers in blood. Made in 2 locations (a. 3. a. 1) adrenal cortex (a. 3. a. 2) gonads. Regulate sugar use and storage - stress: androgens (dhea and androstenedione) Sex drie ad female characteristics, develop of fetus and puberty. Testes and ovaries have enzymes that convert androstenedione to estrogens or testosterone. Hormone transport in blood: steroids need protein carriers in blood. Hormone metabolism and excretion: brokendown and excreted. Largely by liver and kidneys (hours to days) Some by enzymes in tissues/blood (minutes to hours) Influences activity of anterior pituitary (via tropic hormones)
