CAS ES 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Aquifer, Porosity, Space Rock
24 Dec 2015
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Document Summary
Most of earth"s water is salty (because of sea weathering) How well that space is connected is the permeability. Streams don"t dry up, they disappear (go underground) Rocks that can hold a lot of water are called aquifer. A completely impermeable aquitard is called an aquiclude or aquifuge. Groundwater flow permeability & porosity: porosity - % open space, permeability - how well the space is connected and allowing groundwater flow. Rate of exchange (age): rivers - 11 days, groundwater - 280 years. Measured by content of ca (calcium) and mg (magnesium: standards, < 60ppm (soft, 60-120 (medium, 120-180 (hard, > 180 (unsuitable) Effect of water softeners: they use salts (na0 in an ion exchange process to replace ca and mg with na is this okay? (refer to the top) A geyser is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. Artesian water (spring water that comes out due to pressure)
