CGS NS 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Archaea, Chromosome, Nuclear Membrane
9 Aug 2018
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Document Summary
During storage and copying, mistakes are made mutation: improvement in function (rare) rare if mutations are beneficial. Positive selection: will appear in later generations: no effect (more likely) Selectivity neutral: appearance in subsequent generations based on chance: damage (most common) Negative selection: eliminated in subsequent generations via. Different parts of the genome change at different rates natural selection: parts of the genome that don"t code for protein are involved in. Limited only by frequency of mutation regulatory function: genes that code for highly optimized proteins/rna. Highly conserved: mistakes almost always result in elimination of organisms. Ability to trace 3. 5 billion years of life history. Typically: 1,000-4,000 genes: relatively easy to sequence genome, determine which genes are common to all life on earth. Orthologs: genes in 2 separate species that derived from the same common ancestor. Paralogs: genes in a single genome that have a different function resulting from a duplication event.
