HIST 214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Enclosure, Nationstates, Spinning Jenny
Document Summary
Common (all allowed to buy) grazing land. Forest (owned by lord) land to hunt. Fenced-in common and open lands into larger private fields. Acts of parliament to push off peasants. Results: agricultural production up, new social structure: few large land owners, mass of landless villagers (go to cities), clashes, population growth due to cheap food. Landless villagers needed other forms of income. Aka domestic industry or putting out system. Advantages: employment for peasants, cheap unregulated labor for merchants. Disadvantages: imbalance in production, conflict between workers and merchants, rural workers worked inconsistently. Flying shuttle- john kay (1733)- wood piece that shoots string across loom. Spinning jenny- james hargreaves (1765)- turned wool into thread. Water frame- richard arkwright (1769)- devices to water wheel as power. Power loom- edmund cartwright (1785)- automated weaving, shuttle + jenny. Replacement of workers by machines -> more factories. Richard arkwright, 1783 first factory system with power loom. The problem of energy: from water to steam power.
