BIO 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency, Genetic Drift
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Population= group of interacting and potentially interbreeding individuals of a. Genetic locus: location of a specific gene or sequence of dna on a chromosome. Homozygous: individual carries two copies of the same allele. Diploid individuals carry two alleles at every locus. Evolution: change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Mendel suggested that inheritance of traits followed specific rules. Each trait is linked to a pair of alleles. Each parent passes on one of these two alleles to their offspring. The inheritance of one trait is independent from the inheritance of another. After a single generation of random mating in a large population with no selection and no mutation, genotype frequencies at a diploid autosomal locus are: Freq (aa) = y = 2 p q. Population allele frequencies do not change if: Provides mathematical proof that evolution will not occur in the absence of drift,
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |