BIO 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Gene Duplication, Mendelian Inheritance, Point Mutation
Document Summary
Somatic mutations: affect cells in the body of an organism; not heritable. Germ-line mutations: affect games; heritable and relevant to evolution. Key concepts: copy of the gene on the other chromosome. These mutations are the raw material for evolution. Germ-line mutations are rare, but accumulate in populations over time. In diploids, deleterious mutations may be masked by the presence of a functional. Genetic changes in gene expression arise when noncoding mutations affect where, Changes in gene expression add another component heritable genetic variation. Meiosis when, and how much a gene is transcribed. Independent assortment ensures novel combinations of alleles. Fusion of egg and sperm results in great genetic diversity among offspring. Phenotype: the genetic make-up of an individual. An observable measurable characteristic of an organism. Simple polymorphism can produce differences in phenotypes. Sometimes a single genotype can produce multiple phenotypes. Single genotype produces multiple phenotypes depending on environment. Dung beetle"s: good enviro=allow for growth of horns.
