HIST 10800 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Chinese Buddhism, Chinese Ceramics, Names Of Japan
Document Summary
A. 1. a. had to stay separate from chinese majority. To do that, took several measures. (1) mongols made military service a monopoly of mongols and their nomadic allies. Garrisons were established throughout china, with a strategic reserve at the steppes. Military officers were always regarded as more regarded than civil officials. A. 1. c. (2) used ethnic classifications in appointing civil officials. A. 1. c. i. highest category was mongols, who held the top civil and military posts. A. 1. c. ii. second category were persians, turks, and other non-chinese given high civil posts. A. 1. c. iii. third category were n chinese, including manchus and other border peoples. Mongol quota was as large as that for chinese, and the mongols were appointed to the higher offices. Chinese officials directly governed the chinese populace, collecting taxes, settling disputes, and maintaining the local order. Only a small amount of these officials learned to speak mongolian. However, w/o their cooperation, mongol rule in china would have been impossible.
