BIOL 303 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Porphyria, Pleiotropy

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sapphirecaribou676

27 Mar 2017

School

Chico State University

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 303

Professor

Jeffrey Bell

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Each parent has two alleles for each trait. Each parent gives one of those alleles, randomly chosen, to each child. Each child has two alleles for each trait one from the father, one from the mother. Q: a female whose father was colorblind marries a normal male whose father was also colorblind. What is the probability that their child will be colorblind? . Q: can a male be a carrier for a sex-linked disease? . A: no, males have only a single copy of x sex-linked genes. *carrier means an infectious individual but don"t show it. If shown from mom then son will be affected. Which of the following crosses would produce males and females with different phenotypes? . Q: a woman with type o blood has a child with type a blood. A: woman is ii and male with i^ai If dad is aa or aa, he can easily have an a child.

Related Questions

1. Before bringing a new drug to the marketplace, extensivetesting is done on the drug by administering the drug to largenumbers of individuals. Explain the importance of the scientificmethod, sample size, controls and variable in the drug evaluationprocess.

2. List the four "large molecules of life." Identify theircomposition and structure, and describe one function that each ofthem performs in the cell.

3. How can you explain the occurrence of birth defects (causedby altered genes) in children and grandchildren of WWII atomic bombvictims, when the victims themselves were only mildly affected?

4. During the past 50 years, more than 200 species of insectsthat attack crop plants have become highly resistant to DDT andother pesticides. Based on what you have learned in this classregarding evolution, explain the rapid and widespread evolution ofresistance. Now that DDT has been banned in the US, what do youexpect to happen to levels of resistance to DDT among insectpopulations?

5. Water is crucial for life as we know it. One of the mostimportant characteristics of water is its ability to act as asolvent. Explain why water is such a good solvent for polar andcharged molecules.

6. Describe feeding relationships and energy flow in anecosystem, starting from producers. Use concepts such as trophiclevels, food chains, food webs, ecological pyramids.

7. Man has contributed significantly to the many environmentalproblems of the world including loss of biodiversity. Describe howthis particular problem can be solved.

8. Describe in your own words how antibiotic resistance comesabout.

9. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration in termsof the organisms involved; the reactants; the type of energyprocess; and the organelles involved

10. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder. Thedisorder allele, which we will call a, is located on an autosome.What are the chances that parents with each of the followinggenotypes will have a child with this disorder? Show all yourworking for each.

aa x Aa
Aa x Aa
AA x aa
Aa x AA

11. Your friend explains to youthat her father has hemophilia, a genetic disorder that affects theprocess of blood clotting, so that his blood does not clot; but hermother does not, have it, she is healthy as far as this disorder isconcerned.

Knowing that the inheritance pattern for this disorder issex-linked, explain to your friend why it is more common for malesto inherit a sex-linked trait.
Using punnet square, indicate the probability that a brother ofyour friend would have hemophilia, assuming that her mother carriestwo functional copies of the gene involved in this sex-linkedrecessive disorder. Explain your answers fully.

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1. A person is described as a carrier for a particular genetic disease. What does this tell you about their genotype?

2. For any given gene, the principle of independent segregation predicts that each gamete produced as a result of meiosis will contain ____________________

3. A pair of alleles is said to be heterozygous when:

4. In a diploid species, cells can have up to ___ alleles of a particular gene.

5. In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, the number of phenotypic classes observed in the offspring is ______

6. For a person of genotype Xx, the genotype of their gametes may be ______________

7. In a "test cross", an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a ___ individual to determine the unknown genotype.

8. An albino woman has a child with a phenotypically normal man with no family history of albinism (which is a rare recessive disorder). What percentage of their children are likely to be albino?

9. An individual with the dominant phenotype, but an unknown genotype, is test-crossed, and all of the offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype. The genotype of the unknown individual is ______________

10. If two heterozygous individuals for a recessive disease (carriers) have a child, what is the chance that their child will develop the disease?

11. In a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents that both exhibit the dominant phenotype, ___ percent of the offspring will exhibit the recessive phenotype.

12. In a particular type of tomato plant, red fruit is dominant over yellow fruit, and dwarf height is a recessive trait. If two heterozygous plants were crossed, what proportion of the offspring would show the dominant phenotype?

13. In a cross between a BbRr individual and a BBRR one, what do the following represent: BR, Br, bR, br?

14. In humans, the gene that determines whether an embryo develops as a male or a female is carried on _____________

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___1. Nationally, the most common cause of Down Syndrome is
a. nondisjunction of Chromosome 21 during meiosis
b. translocation of Chromosome 21 onto another chromosome
c. inversion of a large section of Chromosome 21
d. deletion of the Down Syndrome gene
___2. In humans, sex is determined by
a. The presence or absence of the Y chromosome
b. The ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes
c. The temperature during fetal development
d. Which parent is stronger at the time of conception
___3. A translocation is
a. a chromosomal abnormality in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
b. an abnormality in which the chromosomes are translocated out of the nucleus
c. a condition in which the chromosome has broken in two places and come back together with the middle segment backward
d. an abnormality in which there is an extra copy of one chromosome
___ 4. In snapdragons, a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces all pink-flowered offspring. But crossing two pink-flowered plants produces red, pink, and white in a 1:2:1 ratio. This is a good example of
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Dominance of the red allele over the white allele
c. Lethal effects of the pink allele
d. Sex-linkage of the flower-color alleles
___ 5. If a person with type AB blood marries a person with Type O blood, what blood types are possible in their children? (Assume this trait is a single-gene trait, not complicated by interaction with other genes).
a. A, B, AB, or O
b. A or B only
c. AB or O only
d. AB only 2
___6. In what phase of meiosis are haploid nuclei first formed? a. Anaphase I b. Metaphase II c. Telophase II d. Metaphase I e. Telophase I
___7. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous tall pea plant? a. tall b. Tt c. TT d. tt e. dominant
___ 8. If genes A and B are far apart on a chromosome, and A and C are close together, which of the following observations is expected?
a. Crossing over will occur more often between A and C than between A and B
b. Crossing over will occur at equal frequencies between A and C, and between A and B
c. Crossing over will occur more often between A and B than between A and C
___9. Sometimes an organismâs genotype for one gene masks the effect of a different gene. This phenomenon is called
a. Dominance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Co-dominance
d. Epistasis
e. Variable expressivity
___10. The dominant allele of a gene is
a. The one that is expressed most often in a population
b. The one that is expressed most often in any particular cross
c. The one that is expressed in an individual that has two different alleles
d. The one that is most healthy to have, that gives the greatest fitness
___11. In human cells, DNA replication occurs
a. In S phase of interphase
b. In G1 phase of interphase
c. In G2 phase of interphase
d. In prophase of mitosis
e. Whenever the cell needs to read the DNA to make proteins
___ 12. A process in which recipient cells take up genes from DNA molecules floating free in the surrounding medium is called
a. conjugation
b. specialized transduction
c. generalized transduction
d. transformation 3
___ 13. Most calico cats are female. However, a few rare males are observed. What is the genotype of a male calico cat?
a. X BX 0
b. X OY
c. X BY
d. X BYY
e. X BX OY
___ 14. A type of red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked (X-linked) recessive trait in humans. Can a woman have this type of color-blindness?
a. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her mother and father were both heterozygous.
b. Yes, a woman could be color-blind but only if she has an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
c. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they lack a Y chromosome.
d. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they have two X chromosomes.
e. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her father was color-blind and her mother was a carrier (heterozygous).

BIOL 303 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Porphyria, Pleiotropy

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