PSYC 1101 Lecture Notes - Behavioural Genetics, Biopsychosocial Model, Hemispherectomy
3 May 2018
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
1. In its early years, psychology focused on the study of _____, but from the 1920s into the
1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ____.
A. environmental influences; hereditary influences
B. maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior
C. unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings
D. mental life; observable behavior
2. The young science of psychology developed from the more established fields of
philosophy and
A. economics
B. biology
C. geography
D. sociology
3. Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating
the complexity of Jannaās difficulties requires
A. introspection
B. psychoanalysis
C. massed practice
D. a biopsychosocial approach
4. Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners
because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestorsā genes. This viewpoint best
illustrates the __ perspective.
A. social-cultural
B. cognitive
C. evolutionary
D. psychodynamic
5. Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet
and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ___ perspective on depression.
A. neuroscience
B. psychodynamic
C. behavior genetics
D. cognitive
6. Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their
biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding
A. structuralism vs. functionalism
B. evolution vs. natural selection
C. observation vs. introspection
D. nature vs. nurture
7. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
A. conscious and unconscious mental activity
B. observable responses to the environment
C. behavior and mental processes
D. maladaptive and adaptive behaviors
8. Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of peopleās
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A. childhood memories
B. genetic predispositions
C. unconscious thought processes
D. potential for healthy growth
9. The first psychology laboratory was established by ___ in the year ____.
A. Wundt; 1879
B. James; 1890
C. Freud; 1900
D. Watson; 1913
10. Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her African-American and
Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this instance,
Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of
A. neuroscience and cognition
B. nature and nurture
C. behavior and mental processes
D. conscious and unconscious thoughts
11. The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
A. natural selection
B. brain chemistry
C. unconscious conflicts
D. learned behaviors
12. The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our commonsense
understanding is most clearly facilitated by
A. critical thinking
B. hindsight bias
C. the scientific attitude
D. curious skepticism
13. Psychologists study animals because
A. animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior
B. experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical
C. the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines
D. similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior
14. The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people
constitutes their
A. culture
B. normal curve
C. wording effects
D. schemas
15. Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are
A. pride, enthusiasm, and ingenuity
B. ingenuity, practicality, and certainty
C. certainty, creativity, and curiosity
D. curiosity, skepticism, and humility
16. Psychological differences between the genders are
A. of little interest to contemporary psychologists
B. simply reflections of biological differences between the sexes
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C. no longer evident in contemporary Western societies
D. far outweighed by gender similarities
17. A questioning attitude regarding psychologistsā assumptions and hidden values best
illustrates
A. experimentation
B. critical thinking
C. hindsight bias
D. overconfidence
18. The first major issue that emerges in debates over experimenting on animals centers
around the
A. usefulness of studying biological processes in animals
B. ethics of placing the well-being of humans above that of animals
C. obligation to treat information about individual animals with confidentiality
D. needs to obtain the informed consent of animals used in research
19. To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully
investigates the clientās current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and
educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used?
A. the survey
B. the case study
C. experimentation
D. naturalistic observation
20. Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support āwelfareā than āaid to the
needy.ā These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of
A. random sampling
B. wording effects
C. the placebo effect
D. naturalistic observation
21. Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of
relationship between two variables?
A. -0.12
B. -0.99
C. +0.25
D. -0.50
22. Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two variables
A. vary together
B. are random samples
C. influence each other
D. show statistically significant differences
23. If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than
poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are
A. causally related
B. negatively correlated
C. independent variables
D. positively correlated
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Document Summary
General psychology final exam study guide: in its early years, psychology focused on the study of _____, but from the 1920s into the. Appreciating the complexity of janna"s difficulties requires: introspection, psychoanalysis, massed practice, a biopsychosocial approach, professor crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors" genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the __ perspective: social-cultural, cognitive, evolutionary, psychodynamic, professor lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Asian-american friends result from biological or cultural influences. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the ninth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. This best illustrates the value of: visual encoding, the serial position effect, chunking, the spacing effect, chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board.
