BMS 360 Lecture Notes - Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary, Cardiac Output

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lemondog142

22 May 2014

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Physiologic effects of hormones depend largely on their concentration in blood and extracellular fluid. Concentration of hormone as seen by target cells is determined by three factors. Synergism multiple stimuli and more than additive response. Permissive need second hormone to get a full response. Duration effect min or hrs/hrs or days. Figure 11. 14 general layout of the endocrine system. Hypothalamus releasing hormone pituitary gland tropic hormone endocrine organ hormone. Understand the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary. Know the difference between posterior and anterior innervation/regulation of the pituitary by the hypothalamus. Know the relation and function of the releasing hormones, trophic hormones and hormones mentioned in class. Endocrine feedback, autonomic function higher centers, environmental cues hypothalamus pituitary endocrine glands. Anterior pituitary is a true endocrine gland of epithelial origin. Posterior pituitary is an extension of the neural tissue. Infundibulum is the stalk that connects the pituitary to the brain.

Related Questions

Having a bit of trouble with these questions, I may beoverthinking them.

1. What effect does TSH have on the hypothalamus?

2. What two Endocrine Glands and which of the hormones producedby them are responsible for controlling other endocrine glands?

3. The concentration of calcium ions in the blood is regulatedby two antagonistic hormones, what are they, what endocrine glandproduces them, and what are their effects?

4. On what organs do androgens exert negative feedback?

burgundywallaby19

Glucose can be released from the liver and transported to many other tissues where it is taken up and induces a variety of biological effects. Glucose concentrations in animals range between 40 and 150 mg/100 mL. Based on this information, would you consider glucose to be a hormone? Why or why not? One important characteristic that distinguishes hormones from other chemical messengers is that hormones circulate in extracellular fluids in very low concentrations; that is, at concentrations ranging from picograms (1012 g) to nanograms (109 g) per mL of blood. This is much lower than concentrations of vitamins, minerals, and metabolites, which are present in concentrations of micrograms (106 g) and milligrams (103 g) per mL of blood. based on this is glucose a hormone

GnRH, a peptide hormone produced by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells, and a steroid hormone produced by the ovary, each exert effects on LH-producing cells of the anterior pituitary gland. In general terms, compare and contrast how these hormones act to affect LH release by pituitary cells.

thank you

1. Be able to define the following terms: releasing hormone,inhibiting hornone, trooic hormone, nontropic hormones,neurosecretory cells.

2. What are hormones?

3. What are two specific differences between the endocrine andnervous systems?

4. What are the four different types of cell signaling?

5. What are the three types of hormonal control pathways? Givean example of each.

6. What is local regulator?

7. What type of feedback is a common feature of pathways thatcontrol homeostasis?

8. What are the three major classes of molecules that functionas hormones? Which are water-souble and which are lipid-souble?

9. Signaling by a hormone involves three key events. What arethey?

10. What is the correlation between solubility of a hormone andthe location of its receptors?

11. In addition to receptor location, water-soluble andlipid-soluble hormones also exhibit additional differences in theirresponse pathways. What are these differences?

12. What is signal transduction pathway?

13. Why can the same hormone have different effects on differentbody tissues?

14. Liver cells and the blood vessels of skeletal muscle cellshave identical surface receptors for epinephrine, yet the responeof these two cells types is dramatically different. Explain howthis is possible.

15. In the "fight or fight response" the release of epinephrinefrom the adrenal medulla cause skeletal muscle blood vessels todilate while simultaneously constricting blood vessels of theintestine. Explain how this is possible.

16. List the three types of local regulators discussed in classand explain their function.

ochremule554

BMS 360 Lecture Notes - Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary, Cardiac Output

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