BMS 450 Lecture Notes - Metformin, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Mineralocorticoid
Document Summary
More insulin more clustering more internalization ph. Why in ketoacidosis, ph should be corrected before giving insulin. Put on diet increased responsiveness to insulin. In obesity high insulin levels, internalization of receptors, insulin resistant state. People in pre-diabetic state: diet and exercise regimen prevent onset of type ii diabetes. Small doses of insulin given to bring glucose levels as close as normal to possible throughout day. Prevent risk of diabetic complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) Oral agents, insulin to bring down glucose levels. No effect on diabetic complications (meta analysis: 32,000 patients) Cholesterol adrenal cortex (outer layer) zona glomerulosa. Normally transported in blood by cortisol binding globulin. In presence of angiotensin ii, converted to aldosterone (major mineralocorticoid in blood) Na+ reabsorbed in exchange for k+ and h+ Aldosterone and cortisol important regulators of sodium levels in blood. Glucuronides produced in liver disposal in urine. Addison"s disease need to replace glucocorticoids as well.
