CHEM 1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lithium Aluminium Hydride, Addition Reaction, Sodium Hydroxide
Document Summary
These images are either optical isomers or enantiomers: enantiomers have idential physical and chemical properties. Plane polarised light is rotated in opposite directions when passing through a liquid containing a chiral molecule: a substance which can rotate plane polarised light is optically active, enantiomers are found together in a mixture in equal quantities. The hydroxide ion always attacks from behind, producing the same enantiomer. Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyls with formula cnh2no. Primary alcohols, secondsary alcohols and aldehydes are oxidised using acidified (sulphuric acid) potassium dichromate, with gentle warming. To make an aldehyde you must use distillation apparatus so the aldehyde is distilled as soon as it is formed. In the reaction the orange dichromate ion is reduced to the green chromium ion. Tollens can be used to distinguish aldehydes- it will produce a silver mirror if boiled. Fehlings solution turns from blue (copper ions) to brick-red (copper oxide) on gentle warming.
