HD 1150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Genomic Imprinting, Phenotype, Zygote
9 Sep 2018
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Flamingoes: cells specialize in predictable ways so all members of species look alike (can"t tell flamingoes apart) Height is both genetic and environmentally influenced (better nutrition taller) Glasses are not a cause of genetics they are a cause of environment. Genotype: individual"s genetic makeup (segments of dna, inherited from biological parents at moment of conception, but alsoinfluenced by environment. Environment: prenatal environment, physical environment, early maternal care. Sources of genetic variation: before zygote (before environmental influence, fertilization, crossing-over, mutation, genomic imprinting (epigenetic) Little direct evidence so far, except some studies on : genomic printing, environmental stressors/toxins, hard to rule out genetic, ecological, and cultural inheritance. How do social scientists study gene-environment interactions: heritability estimates, monozygotic (identical) twins vs. dizygotic (fraternal) twins, can calculate ratio of gene vs. environment influences on similarities, examples. Language=heritability of 0 (100% influence of environment: height=. 8/. 9 (mostly genetic)
