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Tutorial 1: introduction, pre-history foundations of the eu - immediately after wwii theories of many proceeding years. Not only the territorial aspect of integration cultural aspect (religion, law, ideologies: the roman empire (753 bc) 100 ad: 4,5 million km2 roman empire"s territory: mediterranean, iberian peninsula, present-day france, : - immense territory - result of conquest. Hobbes: whether the sovereign can keep the peace & enforce the law ius civile, ius gentium: Ius civile: personal application; positive roman law: customary law & law created by legislation. Ius gentium: based on reason, accepted by all people. European integration: must overcome a tendency to stick to what is local, familiar. Process of integration & disintegration: continuing tension between two different sides of human nature. 395 ad: division of the empire - constantinople: capital of the eastern part (until 1453) Codification of roman law by emperor justinian i. Basic concepts of private law (possession, ownership, obligation, sale, rent)

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