GEOL 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Excavata, Clay Minerals, Contiguous United States
Document Summary
Vary in size from one to several hundred meters in diameter. Can open up extremely rapidly: two basic types. Solutional sinkholes: acidic groundwater becomes concentrated in holes in joints and fractures in the rock, water is drawn into a cone above the hole in the limestone. Collapse sinkholes: develop by the collapse of material into an underground cavern, cave systems. Formed when dissolution produces a series of caves. Some caves can also contain crystals forming from water-reach ions. Created in highly eroded karst regions: disappearing streams. Actually flow directly into the groundwater system: springs. Places where groundwater naturally discharges at the surface. Thermokarst: in polar or high altitude regions, permafrost exists. Soil or sediment cemented with ice for at least. 2 years: when permafrost thaws it can create land subsidence within the land, extensive thawing creates uneven soil called thermokarst. Dust deposits, loess, and stream deposits in arid regions are bound with clay or water soluble minerals.
