EBIO 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Ribosomal Rna, Aminoacyl-Trna, Nonsense Mutation
6 Mar 2016
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The central dogma of molecular biology: from gene to protein. The central dogma of molecular biology states that, in a cell, information flows from the nuclear dna to rna to protein synthesis. Metabolic defects suggest that genes code for proteins: garrod (1909): garrod studied patients and their families for a disease called alkaptonuria, or black urine disease. People without this disease metabolize homogentisic acid in their diets, while people with the disease cannot. Homogentisic acid, which turns black when exposed to air, accumulates in the urine of people with alkaptonuria. Garrod hypothesized that people with the disease had a mutated gene that prevented the production of the enzyme necessary to metabolize homogentisic acid. Beadle and tatum (1942): beadle and tatum used metabolic mutants (auxotrophs) of. Neurospora crassa, bread mold to clearly demonstrate the direct relation between genes and enzymes involved in specific biochemical pathways.
