BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Dna Polymerase Iii Holoenzyme, Dna Polymerase I, Dna Ligase
• That there was debate over the whether the genetic material was DNA or protein
o Griffith’s experiment
o Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
• The Hershey and Chase Experiment
o S35, P32, phage, DNA, protein, experimental design
• that a nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides and what a nucleotide is made of
o what the 5’ carbon is attached to
o what the 3’ carbon is attached to
o how the 2’ carbon can tell you whether a nucleotide is for DNA or RNA
• the difference between RNA and DNA
• pyrimidines vs purines
o while I won’t ask you to identify a specific base by structure, you should know that C, U, T are
pyrimidines and A and G are purines and how to recognize the difference between a purine and a
pyrimidine
• Chargaff’s rules
• that DNA is stabilized by hydrogen bonding
• the roles of DNA Polymerase I and III
o also that DNA Pol III has a sliding “clamp” that helps it to stay physically associated with the
DNA
• that DNA replicates in a “semi-conservative” manner
• that the structure of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides allows for directionality of the nucleic acid
polymer
• how the structure of the double helix was elucidated
• how to determine the relative percentages of particular nucleotides given information for one (ie, calculate
% of T if you know % of C)
• how the hydrogen bonding between A & T and C & G is different and why that matters
• how the complementary base pairing allows for one DNA strand to act as a template
• Explain the general experimental steps towards understanding how we know DNA is the genetic material.
• Explain how the structure of DNA nucleotide monomers, DNA strands, and the DNA double helix each
contributes to its function
• the overall steps of DNA replication and the enzymes involved
o helicase
o single stranded binding proteins
o Topoisomerase
o DNA primase
o DNA ligase
o leading strand
o lagging strand
o Okazaki fragments
o the replisome
• What a telomere is
• What telomerase does
• That damage to DNA can be caused by many things: UV light, carcinogens, radiation, etc. and that these
mutations are considered “random”
• That DNA damage is only inherited if it occurs in the “germ line” (not somatic cells)
• The difference between genotype and phenotype
• The central dogma of biology
• The difference between transcription and translation.
• What the genetic code refers to.
• What a codon is
• how DNA replication proceeds
• how the leading strand replicates and how the lagging strand replicates
• why the lagging strand is called as such
• Why there’s a problem with the end of the lagging strand during DNA replication.
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