BIO 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Positive Feedback, Proline, Pinocytosis

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fuchsiacoyote139

30 May 2018

School

Drexel University

Department

Bioscience & Biotechnology

Course

BIO 211

Professor

Dr.Stanford

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Week 2 Class 1

Answers to questions

1. Cholesterol

a. Lipoprotein

b. Inhibit retrieval pathway

i. Increase blood cholesterol levels

ii. LDL Receptors can’t get back to plasma membrane to uptake cholesterol

2. Default pathway

a. Lysosomal degradation

4. Travel across membrane; through cell

a. Transcytosis

b. Starts on luminal and gets to ECM side; also works vice versa

6. Secretory vesicles and synaptic vesicles

a. Secretory vesicles need cargo

i. Made from Golgi budding

b. Synaptic vesicles made without cargo in them

i. Made from plasma membrane

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Week 2 Class 2

Prior to Week 2 Class 2 – pp. 813-831 – can skip “Cells can respond abruptly to a gradually

increasing signal.”

Know

• That cell communication happens in all cell types

• That response to a signal requires a receptor and that there are cell-surface and

intracellular receptors

• What the four types of intercellular signaling are

o Contact dependent

o Paracrine

o Synaptic

o Endocrine

• What the major types of cell-surface receptors are

o Ion-channel-coupled receptors

▪ Involved in rapid synaptic signaling between nerve cells and other

electrically excitable target cells

▪ Mediated by small number of neurotransmitters that transiently open or

close an ion channel

▪ Most belong to a large family of homologous multipass transmembrane

proteins

o G protein couple receptors

▪ Act by indirectly regulating activity of a separate plasma membrane

bound-target protein

o Enzyme-coupled receptors

▪ Associate directly with enzymes that they activate

▪ Single pass transmembrane proteins with ligand binding site outside and

enzyme binding side inside

• What second messengers are, and some examples of second messengers

o Spread signals throughout the cell after the first internal response

o Ie

▪ cAMP and Ca2+ (water soluble, diffuse in cytosol)

▪ diacylglycerol (lipid soluble and diffuse in plasma membrane)

• What interaction domains are, in general, and specifically, what: SH2, PTB, PH, and SH3

domains are and what they interact with

o Interaction domains

▪ Causes assembly of a signaling complex

▪ Protein modules bind to structural motif in another protein or lipid

o SH2 and PTB

▪ Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine binding

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Related Questions

The vesicles that transport materials from donor membranes to acceptor membranes include:

	1.	COP-II coated vesicles
	2.	COP-III coated vesicles
	3.	COP-I coated vesicles
	4.	Clathrin coated vesicles

2.5 points

QUESTION 11

During skeletal muscle contraction, the roles of ATP include:

	1.	ATP is not required for forming the crossbridges between myosin and actin filaments.
	2.	ATP is utilized as a structural linker to mediate the interaction between myosin and actin filaments
	3.	Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for myosin head to move along actin filaments and the binding of ATP to myosin head allows the detachment of myosin fromactin filaments.
	4.	ATP binds to actin filaments to drive the power stroke of myosin head.

2.5 points

QUESTION 12

One of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

	1.	Synthesizing steroid hormone in the endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal cortex
	2.	Serves as the starting point of the biosynthetic pathway
	3.	Synthesizing secretory proteins
	4.	Degrading cell debris

2.5 points

QUESTION 13

The function of COP-II coated vesicles is mainly:

	1.	Transporting materials from endosomes to Golgi complex
	2.	Moving materials from the ER to the ERGIC and Golgi complex.
	3.	Transporting materials from Golgi complex back to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

2.5 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following processes is completed in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

	1.	Chaperones help misfolded proteins fold correctly.
	2.	Proteins that target to nucleus are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	3.	O-linked glycosylation occurs in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Misfolded proteins are destructed in rough endoplamic reticulum.

2.5 points

QUESTION 15

Kinesin is the motor protein that coorporates with microtubules. It has the following functions:

	1.	It uses GTP as energy source.
	2.	It can hydrolyze ATP and use the energy to drive cargo along microtubules from minus end to plus end.
	3.	It has a globular head that can act as GTPase
	4.	The tail of kinesin is more diverse and binds to cargo

2.5 points

QUESTION 16

For correct segregation and trafficking, lysosomal proteins are tagged in the cis-Golgi with phosphorylated mannose residues, and then the tagged lysosomal enzymes are recruited to clathrin coated vesicles by mannose 6-phosphate receptors.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 17

The process that specialized cells, such macrophages, engulf relatively large particles is:

	1.	Called pinocytosis
	2.	Called phagocytosis
	3.	Mediated by COP-II coated vesicles
	4.	Called autophagy

2.5 points

QUESTION 18

Proteins synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are imported co-translationally to their destinations

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 19

Treatment of cells with a drug that promotes microtubule disassembly disperses Golgi complex into separate stacks of membrane compartments, suggesting that:

	1.	Golgi complex is made of microtubules.
	2.	Microtubules are important for the organization of Golgi complex.
	3.	Microtubules are transported into Golgi complex
	4.	Golgi complex is composed of tubulin proteins

2.5 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following is correct about signal sequence of a secretory protein?

	1.	It is an âaddress codesâ for protein trafficking pathways
	2.	It is usually located at the C-terminus.
	3.	It targets the ribosome and the protein that is being synthesized to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	It is removed in Golgi complex.

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BIO 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Positive Feedback, Proline, Pinocytosis

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