BIOLOGY 557L Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Metagenomics, Amplicon, Cheese Curd
Document Summary
Zhu, yong-guan, timothy a johnson, jian-qiang su, min qiao, guang-xia guo, robert d stedtfeld, syed a. Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in chinese swine. Farms. proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america 110, no. 2013): 3435 40. doi:10. 1073/pnas. 1222743110/-/dcsupplemental. proc natl acad sci usa 2013 zhu. Arg reservoir in the environment (diversity and abundance) because of antibiotic use in humans and animals. Farm antibiotic use correlates with increase and spread of resistance genes in human pathogens and direct transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals to humans. Antibiotics increase frequency of horizontal gene transfer (from other genera of bacteria) and resistance gene fixation in genomes, resulting in diverse resistance genes in a particular bacteria"s genomic island. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial stains can be distributed by human actions. Most veterinary antibiotics are poorly absorbed by animal; thus excreted and dispersed to soil when the manure is spread as fertilizer. Manure is major source of antibiotic pollution in the environment.
