BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Uracil, Adenine, Cell Theory

7 views2 pages

turquoiseturtle299

9 Sep 2020

School

Diablo Valley College

Department

Biological Science

Course

BIOSC-101

Professor

hoffman

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Nucleic acids are macromolecules that carry out 2 main functions in the cell: storage of genetic information and synthesis of proteins. Two types of nucleic acids specialize in these functions: Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) is the genetic material that stores information for making proteins in all living organisms. Ribonucleic acid (rna) is the nucleic acid composed of nucleotides in a single strand whose primary function is protein synthesis. Like any polymer, nucleic acids are made of repeating subunits or monomers. The subunits of nucleic acids are called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains 3 building blocks: a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. There are 5 different nitrogenous bases that can be found in various nucleotides. In rna, thymine is replaced by uracil (u) All known living things are composed of one or more cells. All new cells are created by pre-existing dividing. The cell is the most basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

Related Questions

Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the fact that DNA polymerase can only build onto the end of an existing nucleic acid?

Question 6 options:

	DNA replication requires primers
	Bits of DNA are lost from the ends of your chromosomes in each successive round of replication
	RNA is involved in DNA replication
	The enzyme "primase" is needed for DNA replication
	There are multiple origins of replication on each eukaryotic chromosome

How does a nucleotide sequence code for a protein in nearly all living organisms?

Question 7 options:

	a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids
	a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids
	a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids
	a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids
	a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for 3 different amino acids

Fill in the blanks. To make one strand of DNA, _________ monomers are linked together in a chain, forming a polymer we call a(n) ________ .

Question 8 options:

	nitrogenous bases, hydrogen bond
	nucleotide, nucleic acid
	amino acid, nucleic acid
	nucleotide, nitrogenous base
	amino acid, protein

Which of the following was NOT part of the ideas that Darwin used in his book On the Origin of Species?

Question 9 options:

	organisms vary in characteristics that affect survival and reproduction
	variation in traits is often heritable
	descent with modification explains life's unity and life's diversity
	organisms inherit characteristics from their parents that the parents acquired in their own lifetimes
	natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution

Here is a hypothetical mRNA sequence:

5' G G A U G C U A G U A U G A 3'

What is the amino acid sequence encoded by this mRNA?

Question 10 options:

	Met-Ile-Val
	Asp-Ala-Ser-Met
	Met-Leu-Val
	Ser-Met-Ile-Val
	Gly-Cys

1. Use the following definitions and phrases to describe to which molecules of life and their subunits it belongs:

a. Energy-storing molecule, typically water soluble - b. Subunits are called monosaccharides â c. Used to speed chemical reactions - d. Subunits are joined to each other with peptide bonds - e. Most prevalent molecule in cell membranes - f. Some of them function as hormones - g. Used for storing, transmitting, and executing genetic information - h. Subunits are nucleotides

2. Weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the many properties of water. Acidity is expressed as pH. Buffers stabilize pH. a. What characteristics of water molecule makes it polar? Provide two examples why this property is important in microbiology. b. What is the role of buffers in living organisms, including microbes? c. What must be added to pure water to decrease OH- and/or H+ concentration, respectively

3. Carbohydrates serve as storage molecules and structural material. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules; phospholipids are main component of cell membranes. Protein has a complex structure based on identity and sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are genetic station of storage information and for synthesis of proteins. ATP serve as the main energy source in the living cell. a. Name the subunits (building blocks) of carbs, simple lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids b. What level of protein structure is described as an alpha helix? c. If DNA is placed in boiling water, what and how the molecule would change?

1. Translate the following mRNA strand: AUG ACG GGU AGA UGG UGA.

2. Transcribe the following strand of DNA: AGT CCA GTA

_____3. Which of the following is the building block that will be used to make a nucleic acid?

(a) amino acid (b) glucose (c) triglyceride (d) glycerol (e) nucleotide

_____4. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

(a) adenine (b) thymine (c) uracil (d) cytosine (e) guanine

_____5. Adenine will base pair with:

(a) thymine (b) adenine (c) cytosine (d) guanine

_____6. What is the name of the process that will copy DNA into RNA?

(a) transcription (b) translation (c) replication (d) mitosis

_____7. Using the genetic code in this lab, what does the codon CCU code for?

(a) met (b) stop (c) leu (d) pro (e) arg

rubyspider503

BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Uracil, Adenine, Cell Theory

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Macromolecule, Chemical Bond, Homeostasis

BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Acetyl-Coa, Electrochemical Gradient, Blood Transfusion

BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Norman Horowitz, Srb, Arginine

Related Questions