BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Polynucleotide, Transfer Rna, Order Of Newfoundland And Labrador

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blushmallard188

21 Dec 2020

School

Diablo Valley College

Department

Biological Science

Course

BIOSC-101

Professor

wyler

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Gene expression you should be able to: Name and describe the three types of rna in terms of function. A type of rna, synthesized using a dna template, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein. (in eukaryotes, the primary rna transcript must undergo rna processing to become mrna. ) Rna molecules that, together with proteins, make up ribosomes; the most abundant type of rna. trna. An rna molecule that functions as a translator between nucleic acid and protein languages by picking up a specific amino acid and carrying it to the ribosome, where the trna recognizes the appropriate codon in the mrna. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Genetic information flows from mrna to protein through the process of translation. Compare transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes. Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant and unambiguous.

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Gene expression is a multi-step process. Place these events in the correct order.

Question 13 options:

charged tRNA molecules read the next codon, entering the A site of the ribosome.

Translocation of the mRNA to the cytoplasm.

Recruitment of RNA polymerase.

tRNA(Met) binds to the start codon AUG in the P site of the ribosome.

Assembly of small and large ribosome subunits on the mRNA.

Processing of the primary RNA molecule.

Release factors recognize the stop codon, signaling the release of the protein, mRNA and ribosome subunits.

Synthesis of primary RNA molecule, a direct copy of the DNA template.

Recognition of the mRNA by the small ribosome subunit .

Peptidyl transferase, transfers the amino acid of the incoming tRNA to the growing peptide chain.

Binding of transcription factors to the promoter.

blacklion206

3. Describe the aminoacylation of a tRNA reaction being careful to include information about how one particular amino acid is attached to a particular tRNA.

4. All of the following steps are part of the process of gene expression in eukaryotes. Number them toreflect the approximate order in which each occurs during this process.
a) Introns are removed from the original transcript of the gene.

b) A 5â cap is added onto the mRNA.

c) A specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase charges Val-tRNA.

d) Val-tRNA enters the A site of the ribosome.

e) The mRNA is cleaved near the poly(A) site in its 3â UTR.

f) A translation release factor binds to the stop codon.

g) RNA polymerase II initiates mRNA synthesis

h) The mRNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

i) An activator protein binds to an enhancer.

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Polynucleotide, Transfer Rna, Order Of Newfoundland And Labrador

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