BIOSC-116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Endergonic Reaction, Exergonic Process, Photosynthesis

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turquoiseturtle299

9 Oct 2020

School

Diablo Valley College

Department

Biological Science

Course

BIOSC-116

Professor

fox

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Document Summary

Spontaneous reactions may proceed slowly or quickly. Energy content and entropy contribute to a making a reaction spontaneous: 2 factors from the first and second law must be taken into account to see if a reaction is spontaneous; the change in energy content and change in entropy: Reactions tend to be spontaneous if the products have less potential. Potential energy of a system is called the enthalpy (h) Endothermic reactions are spontaneous since they have lower potential energy in reactants than products. Ex ice melting in a glass of water. Reactions tend to be spontaneous when the products are less ordered than the reactants. Reactions occur spontaneously if the entropy of the products is higher than the reactants. Ice melting (from solid low entropy to liquid high entropy) Change in free energy indicates whether a reaction is spontaneous: The energy left that does the work is called free energy. For ex, for chemical and physical work.

Related Questions

3. You are investigating an enzymatic reaction involved in the biosynthesis of an amino acid. Based on your knowledge of biosynthetic pathways, which of the following properties would you NOT expect to apply to the reaction? a. The reaction by itself will likely have positive deltaG. b. The reaction will be classified as spontaneous. c. This reaction may require coupling to ATP hydrolysis to proceed. d. The reaction is part of anabolism. e. In an energy diagram, the products of this reaction will be at a higher energetic level than the substrates.

4. Which of the following statements about reactions classified as spontaneous is NOT true? a. In a thermodynamic sense, the reaction has the capacity to proceed. b. This reaction will release energy. c. The activation energy barrier in this reaction is required to keep the reaction products stable. d. Energy needs to be added to this reaction to overcome the activation energy barrier. e. The reaction will have an overall negative change of Gibbs free energy.

5. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is NOT true? a. Without the input of light energy, photosynthesis is an endergonic process. b. The final step of the photosynthetic electron transport chain leads to the production of oxygen from water. c. During photosynthesis, ATP is produced using ATP synthase. d. Photosynthesis creates a proton gradient. e. During photosynthesis, the dark reactions lead to the production of glucose.

Which process involves an increase in entropy of the system ?

A)any spontaneous process

B) combustion of paper

C) synthesis of cellulose

D) freezing of ice

E)formation of raindrops

2) A negative free energy change indicates that

A)the reaction is exothermic

B) energy must be added to the reaction before it can proceed

C) the reaction is at equilibrium

D) the reaction is not possible

E)the reactant is predominant at equilibrium

3) Energy is important to life forms because

A)it is required to do work

B)al life forms require a continuous supply of it

C) it is required to make specific alterations in the cell

D)both a and b

E) a,b and c

4) which of the following is defined as "heat content"

Would the subsitution (due to a mutation) of alanine(hydrophobic amino acid) for serine (a polar and hydrophobic aminoacid) have a large or small effect on the structure of aprotein?

Yes, likely a large effect. The substitution of two chemicallyvery different amino acids could have a large effect on proteinstructure.

No, likely little effect. Substituting just one amino acid(even a chemically different one) will not change the overallprotein structure appreciably.

Which side will generally have a greater amount of matterpresent? The reactants or the products?

Reactants

The products

Both will be equal.

It depends upon the nature of the chemical reaction.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics suggest that the energy in asystem will...

tend to become more ordered over time.

tend to become more dispersed over time.

will tend to transition 'between levels' over time.

will mirror the inherent order or disorder of overall system, aproperty known as 'entropy constancy'..