PHILO-120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Divine Command Theory, Egotism, Eudaimonia
12 Aug 2020
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Humans as machines or bodies in motion. Materialistic and mechanistic understanding of nature and human nature. All events, including human actions, are determined by the fixed laws of matter. If the initial conditions of society are engineered, we can determine its consequent nature. All of our actions are caused by either. Desire: that which draws a person toward an object. (subjective self-interest versus objective fulfillment). Aversion: that which causes a person to avoid an object. The object of desire is called good;" things are good because we desire them. The object of aversion is called evil. ". Egoism: each person"s main concern or interest is his or her own preservation, which includes the maximization of one"s own interests. Eudaimonism: predetermined ends of rational human nature. Divine command theory: god"s commands form the moral law. State of nature/war-the condition characterized by an absence of governmental authority; the condition of maximal freedom. People are essentially equal to one another in strength and intelligence.
