BIOLOGY 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Peptidoglycan, Prophage, Oncogene
Document Summary
Viruses gain entry into and are specific to a particular host cell because portionsof the capsid (or spikes of the envelope) adhere to specific receptor sites on host cell surface. Viral nucleic acid then enters a cell, where the viral genome codes for production of protein units in the capsid. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that parasitize a bacterial cell lytic cycle: a bacteriophage life cycle of five stages where a virus takes over operation of the bacterium immediately upon entering it and then destroys the bacterium. Attachment: portions of the capsid bind with receptors on the bacterial cell wall. Penetration: a viral enzyme digests part of cell wall; the viral dna is injected into a bacterial cell. Biosynthesis: synthesis of viral components - begins after the virus brings about inactivation of host genes not necessary to viral replication. Maturation: viral dna and capsids are assembled to produce several hundred viral particles and lysozyme, coded by the virus, is produced.