BIO 264 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Bone Marrow, Spinal Fusion, Diaphysis
18 Jun 2018
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● Spinal fusion: remove intervertebral disc, hold together with metal
● Epiphysis= end points of bones
● Ends have more spongy bone
● Central diaphysis is compact
● Diaphysis has inner yellow bone marrow
● Periosteum covers entire bone
● Spongy bone is weaker and more flexible
○ Hematopoiesis
○ Highly vascular
● Osteoclast: break down bone
● Osteoblast: build bone
● Osteocytes: regulate
● Rickets Disease: not getting Vitamin D/Calcium
Muscles
● Stabilize joint
● Maintain posture
● Movement
● Produce heat
Afferent- sensory, sense stimulus and send info to CNS
Efferent- nerves that leave CNS
Origin/Insertion sites
Know basic muscle components
Epimysium- outer covering of muscles
Thick Filaments- bundles of contractile proteins (generate tension)
Sarcomere- z line to z line
Know slide about thick and thin filaments
Filaments slide=muscle contraction
Acetylcholine- helps muscle contract
- Diffuse across membrane
- Ligands bind to open channel and sodium enters cell (ligand gated ion channels)
Sarcolemma concentration gradient is maintained by Na/K pump, per ATP hydrolyzed three Na
leave and two enter
- Difference in charge is 70 mV (70 on inside 170 on outside since more Na leaves than K
enters)
Need ATP for hydrolysis
Forces for membrane potential:
1. Electric gradient
2. Concentration gradient
3. Selective permeability due to selective ion channels
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Document Summary
Spinal fusion: remove intervertebral disc, hold together with metal. Spongy bone is weaker and more flexible. Afferent- sensory, sense stimulus and send info to cns. Thick filaments- bundles of contractile proteins (generate tension) Ligands bind to open channel and sodium enters cell (ligand gated ion channels) Sarcolemma concentration gradient is maintained by na/k pump, per atp hydrolyzed three na leave and two enter. Difference in charge is 70 mv (70 on inside 170 on outside since more na leaves than k enters) Forces for membrane potential: electric gradient, concentration gradient, selective permeability due to selective ion channels. Difference of charge in electrical gradient: subtract side a from side b. Chapter 1-3 book, chapters 5-7 powerpoint, 9 books, chapter 10 (intro) Membrane potential: compare inside and outside of cell. If there is no charge there can still be a chemical gradient. If molecules have ions you can have both.
