BIOL 142 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Genome Size, Human Genome Project, Prokaryote
Biology 142- Lecture 17- Sequencing and Genomics
Topics to be covered for the remainder of the semester
• genomics and sequencing
• prokaryotic and eukaryotic development
• evolution and population genetics
• ecology
Genomics Learning Goals
• understanding genome organization
o coding, single copy genes, duplications, gene families, pseudogenes, junk,
repeats, transposons
• understand the relationship between the number of genes and the complexity an
organism has
• understand microarrays
The Genome
• The genome is the genetic material of an organism
• It is encoded in DNA or RNA
• It includes genes and non-coding sequences
• The greater the size of the genome, the greater number of genes an organism has
o Humans have approximately two times the number of genes as prokaryotic
organisms
• There is no clear relationship between genome size, complexity, and number of genes in
eukaryotes
o Meaning that the number of genes is not the only thing that makes us complex
• Much of the genome doesn’t consist of genes; it actually consists of other “stuff” (non-
coding sequences)
• The human genome is about 6 billion base pairs
Human Genome Project
• Led by Craig Venter and Francis Collins
• It was believed that understanding the human genome would lead to a better
understanding of the genome that could be used to cure disease and better understand
disease pathology
• It was also believed that understand the human genome could lead to a better
understanding of humans’ place in evolutionary history
Document Summary
Topics to be covered for the remainder of the semester: genomics and sequencing, prokaryotic and eukaryotic development, evolution and population genetics, ecology. Genomics learning goals: understanding genome organization, coding, single copy genes, duplications, gene families, pseudogenes, junk, repeats, transposons, understand the relationship between the number of genes and the complexity an organism has, understand microarrays. Human genome project: led by craig venter and francis collins. It was believed that understanding the human genome would lead to a better understanding of the genome that could be used to cure disease and better understand disease pathology. Variants: e(cid:395)ue(cid:374)ce diffe(cid:396)e(cid:374)ces a(cid:373)o(cid:374)g i(cid:374)dividuals a(cid:396)e called (cid:862)va(cid:396)ia(cid:374)ts(cid:863, 99. 9% of the genome is the same between human individuals, meaning that between 90,000 and 120,000 are variants, most of the variation in humans are non-coding sequences. Shot gun sequencing: this is a technique used to sequence very long dna sequences, (cid:862) hot gu(cid:374) e(cid:395)ue(cid:374)ci(cid:374)g(cid:863) p(cid:396)ocess: Image from: commins, jennifer, christina toft, and mario a fares. (cid:862)co(cid:373)putatio(cid:374)al biology.
