BIOL 142 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Wild Type, Phenylketonuria, Quantitative Trait Locus
Thursday, March 1, 2018
BIOL 142
•Most traits are inherited in ways that are more complex than simple Mendelian
inheritance - they are not exceptions, just extensions of Mendel’s principles"
•Incomplete dominance occurs when the zygotes have an intermediate phenotype"
•A heterozygous organism that displays both alleles is said to have codominance"
•Blood groups - codominance"
•Penetrance I the proportion of individuals that carry a particular variant (or allele) of a
gene that also express an associated trait - the penetrance is 100%"
•Polymorphic traits - when more than two distinct phenotypes are present in a
population"
•Multiple allelism - when there are more than two alleles for a given trait - contributes
to polymorphism"
•The expression of many genes depends on the presence or absence of other genes"
•When these gene-by-gene interactions occur - the phenotype produced by an allele
depends on the action of alleles of other genes"
•Epistasis - some genes alter the effect of other genes (ex mouse coloration)"
•The alleles Mendel analyzed affected only a single trait"
•Some genes influence many traits - these genes are said to be pleiotropic"
•This explains why mutations in one end can lead to disease that affect multiple
pathways"
•Mendel worked with discrete traits - characteristics that are qualitatively different"
•In garden peas, seed color is either yellow or green - no intermediates"
•Traits that are not discrete but fall into a continuum - are called quantitative traits"
•Transmission of quantitative traits results from polygenic inheritance - each gene
adds a small amount to the value of the phenotype"
•Nilsson - Ehle proposed that many genes each contribute a small amount to the
value of quantitative traits, the population usually exhibits a bell-shaped curve for the
trait"
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