BIOL 336 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Fluid Compartments, Extracellular Fluid, Electrochemical Gradient
14 Aug 2016
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Lecture 23: Neurobiology IX - Basic Principles of Electricity
Be able to:
1) Describe the basic principles of electricity in physiological system.
2) Describe the influence of an electrochemical gradient upon the movement of ions
across a plasma membrane.
3) Compares the measurement of electrical gradients using relative and absolute cells.
*It is important to note that the basic principles being discussed apply to not only the
excitable cells (cells that conduct electromagnetic info in the form of action
potentials....i.e. neurons and skeletal muscle cells), but to ALL cells in the body.
All cells in the body have a slight charge.
Intracellular fluid:
K+ is the major cation found in intracellular fluid
Phosphate ions and negatively charged proteins and the major anion.
Some proteins anions insides cell do not have matching cations.
Extracellular fluid:
Na+ is the major cation found in extracellular fluid.
Cl- is the major anion.
Some cations outside cells do not have matching anions.
Overall, intracellular fluid is slightly negative and extracellular fluid is slightly
positive. These two compartments exist in a state of electrical disequilibrium.
Remember the following principles when dealign with electricity in physiological
systems:
1) Law of Conservation of electrical charges,
The het amount of electrical charge produced in any process is zero.
Overall, the human body is electrically neutral.
2) Opposite charges attract; like charges repel each other.
3) Separating positive charges from negative charges requires energy.
4) Conductor versus insulator,
When separated, positive and negative charge can move freely toward
each other, the material through which they move is called a conductor
(eg - water). Separated charges cannot move through an insulator (eg -
phospholipid bilayer).
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 23: neurobiology ix - basic principles of electricity. All cells in the body have a slight charge. Remember the following principles when dealign with electricity in physiological systems: law of conservation of electrical charges, opposite charges attract; like charges repel each other, separating positive charges from negative charges requires energy, conductor versus insulator, When separated, positive and negative charge can move freely toward each other, the material through which they move is called a conductor (eg - water). Separated charges cannot move through an insulator (eg - phospholipid bilayer). K+ is the major cation found in intracellular fluid. Phosphate ions and negatively charged proteins and the major anion. Some proteins anions insides cell do not have matching cations. Na+ is the major cation found in extracellular fluid. Some cations outside cells do not have matching anions. Overall, intracellular fluid is slightly negative and extracellular fluid is slightly positive. These two compartments exist in a state of electrical disequilibrium.
