PHIL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Prima Facie, Stakeholder Analysis, Selfishness
28 Jun 2018
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Department
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How do we affect ethics in business?
Josephson: teaching
1. Develop moral character in children and youth
2. Develop ethical decision-making in adults
oCommitment
oConsciousness
oCompetency
Scope of audience are people who desire to be ethical but lacking training.
10 Ethical Principles (p. 80)
1. Josephson believes goes beyond cultural norms
2. For good person
3. Accountable in all society
4. Without it, society falls apart
5. Hold order
6. Principles > law
7. Umbrella principles
8. For society function
9. Majority must follow
10. Can absorb small exceptions
Concept of virtue by Aristotle, Kant. Universality maximization of happiness for everyone
11. Accountability
12. Basis of internal sanction
Internal/external sanctions:
13. Internal for those who care about ethics and external for those who do not.
Josephson takes into account circumstances and situations
Prima facie obligations:
14. Certain ethical duties override others
15. Golden Rule > concern that different action has different consequences on different
people
16. Stakeholder analysis > who is stakeholder and how does this affect them?
Misconceptions:
17. Ethics is only concerned with misconduct
18. Ethical = legal > laws are only minimal ethical consensus in society.
19. Single right answer
3 ways of Ethical Failure:
20. Unawareness and sensitivity > conflict of interest, cannot rationalize actions >
occupational behavior "insider syndrome" "do for a greater good"
21. Selfishness > concern for self over others, self righteousness
22. Defective reasoning > overestimate the cost of doing right and overestimate the cost of
failure, see long term and short term costs
oStephen Island Wrens - short term cost of getting a cat will help the guy and
keep the mice away, long term cost was cat got pregnant and had lots of babies and
cats took over the island
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