PSYC 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Foodborne Illness, Rodent, Exposure Therapy
27 Jun 2018
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Learning is a change in behavior due to experience. Learning is any process through which experience at
one time can alter an individual's behavior at a future time.
Associative learning is linking two events/stimuli that occur close together in time.
Reflex is a simple, relatively automatic, stimulus-response sequence mediated by the nervous system.
Habituation is a decline in the magnitude of a reflexive response when the stimulus is repeated several
times in succession.
Law of temporal contiguity - when things happen close in time, neurons connect, they are associated
together.
Can be used in foraging: shaking the cat indicates the cat will receive food
"Knowing that this is happening which will predict something else happening in the future"
The lightning flash followed by the thundering - seen in childhood- classically conditioned to have an
aversion towards lightning.
Stimulus: see lighting
Response: a child will cover their ears in prediction of the thunder
Classical conditioning is a form of reflex learning that produces a new stimulus-response sequence.->
Ivan Pavlov
Behaviorism: Psychology should be an objective science. Studies behaviors without taking mental
processes into account. Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner
Pavlov: Studied the digestive system for 20 years - Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1904 - Salivation in dogs
and the reflex from looking at food - but the dogs started salivating before the food arrived - studied
why does the salivation start early - realized that it was the noise that the machine was making before
the food was served - investigated classical conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus: a stimulus that naturally triggers a response
Unconditioned Response: a naturally occurring response to the US
Neural stimulus: a stimulus that has nothing to do with the subject and creates no response
Conditioned Stimulus: previously neutral stimulus now paired with the US that elicits the conditioned
response
Conditioned Response: a learned response to the neutral stimulus but now, a conditioned stimulus
Pavlov's Bell Experiment:
Bell is a neutral stimulus. The dog has no response to it.
The food is the unconditioned stimulus which will result in a naturally occurring response by the dog of
salivation (unconditioned response)
Over time, we take the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus to elicit the unconditioned
response by the dog (salivating).
Thus, the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus which elicits a conditioned response
(which is the same as the unconditioned response, however, it is caused by the conditioned stimulus)
Thus, now the bell will make the dog salivate - the conditioned stimulus (former neutral stimulus) causes
the conditioned response.
Watson and Raynor conditioned a baby to associate white rats with a loud noise(US) and fear them(CR)
Before, the rat did not cause any fear to baby Albert.
Later they would hit a steel bar to a hammer which created a natural reflex of fear.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Learning is a change in behavior due to experience. Learning is any process through which experience at one time can alter an individual"s behavior at a future time. Associative learning is linking two events/stimuli that occur close together in time. Reflex is a simple, relatively automatic, stimulus-response sequence mediated by the nervous system. Habituation is a decline in the magnitude of a reflexive response when the stimulus is repeated several times in succession. Law of temporal contiguity - when things happen close in time, neurons connect, they are associated together. Can be used in foraging: shaking the cat indicates the cat will receive food. "knowing that this is happening which will predict something else happening in the future" The lightning flash followed by the thundering - seen in childhood- classically conditioned to have an aversion towards lightning. Response: a child will cover their ears in prediction of the thunder.
