MGMT 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Work Release, United States Secret Service, Arraignment
different societies often have differing ideas of criminal behavior that reflects local...
customs and norms
the consensus model
a criminal justice model in which the majority of citizens in a society share the same values and beliefs
(criminal acts are acts that conflict with these values and beliefs that are deemed harmful to society)
-rests on the assumption that as people gather together to form a society, its members will naturally
come to a basic agreement with regard to shared norms and values
the conflict model
a criminal justice model in which the content of criminal law is determined by the groups that hold
economic, political, and social power in a community
-some people reject the other (consensus) model on the ground that attitudes are not constant or even
consistent (democratic societies)
the definition of crime that is useful (from consensus and conflict model)
1) punishable under criminal law, as determined by the majority, or in some instances, the powerful
minority
2) considered an offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials, not by victims and
their relatives or friends
3) punishable by sanctions based on laws that bring about the loss of personal freedom or life
deviance
behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society
-only become crimes when society as a whole, through its legislatures, determines that those acts
should be punished
criminal justice system
the interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections institutions designed to
enforce criminal laws and protect society from criminal behavior
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justice
the quality of fairness that must exist in the process designed to determine whether individuals are
guilty of criminal wrongdoing
-justice and fairness are subjective terms
drug
any substance that modifies biological, psychological, or social behavior; an illegal substance with those
properties
psychoactive drugs
chemicals that affect the brain, causing changes in emotions, perceptions, and behavior
federalism
form of government in which a written constitution provides for a division of powers between a central
government and several regional governments
-established a strong national government capable of handling large-scale problems while allowing for
state powers and local traditions
local law enforcement
-split between counties and municipalities
-the bulk of law enforcement
-investigate most crimes and attempt to deter crime through patrol activities, apprehend criminals, and
participate in trial proceedings, if necessary
"keeping the peace"
state law enforcement
-state police, highway patrols, fire marshals, fish, game, and watercraft wardens, alcoholic beverage
control officers and agents who investigate welfare and food stamp fraud
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