PSY 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Hermann Ebbinghaus, Cognitive Revolution, Mental Process
Cognition
Collection of mental processes that we use for perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding.
-Used for EVERYTHING and ANYTHING
-Extremely rapid, automatic, unconscious
Object recognition
Fast; not an obvious process to us.
Part of cognition
Memory
Encode, restore, and retrieve information.
Engrams
the single place in the brain that stores memories; DOES NOT EXIST
Cognitive Psychology
Favors experimental approach
Non-empirical beliefs (dreams) will not be discussed here
2 "isms"- Rationalism & Empiricism
Rationalism
The only way to truth is through reason
Cognitive ism
Empiricism
The only way to truth is through observation
Cognitive ism
Assumptions of Cognitive Psychology
1-mental processes exist
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2-mental processes can be studied
3-we are active information processors
Psych birth year
1879
Ecological Validity
Can this result be applied to the real world?
Too much control over variables? Too artificial?
Reductionism
Take a complex process and break it into smaller parts
-10,000 piece puzzle; multiple, smaller experiments done individually that when the results are put
together, creates a complete picture
Helmholtz
Speed of neural impulses
Fechner
Psychophysics: how we change/ use/ experience physical stimuli
Pre-psych
Broca
Speech production
Pre-psych
Wernicke
Speech comprehension
Pre-psych
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Wilhelm Wundt
Founder of Psychology in 1879
Started first psych lab
Studied under Bunsen and Helmholtz
Early studies on reaction time
Suggested 2 types of psych:
1-you CAN study in a laboratory
2-you CAN'T study in a laboratory
Utilized introspection
Introspection
examining own thoughts and feelings for insight
Titchner
Studied under Wundt
Extremely intimidating and hardcore about his studies
Believe's introspection was the only way to attain knowledge
Brought structuralism to USA
Not concerned about how the mind worked
-Whats the structure of it?
-Conscious broken into 3 parts
1-Sensations
2-Images
3-Affect (emotion)
Herman Ebbinghaus
One-hit wonder
Nonsense syllables (CVC combinations)
-forgot most info within the first day
-active processing allows us to hold onto ones that apply/ have significance to us.
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Document Summary
Collection of mental processes that we use for perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding. Engrams the single place in the brain that stores memories; does not exist. Non-empirical beliefs (dreams) will not be discussed here. The only way to truth is through reason. The only way to truth is through observation. Take a complex process and break it into smaller parts. 10,000 piece puzzle; multiple, smaller experiments done individually that when the results are put together, creates a complete picture. Psychophysics: how we change/ use/ experience physical stimuli. Introspection examining own thoughts and feelings for insight. Believe"s introspection was the only way to attain knowledge. Active processing allows us to hold onto ones that apply/ have significance to us. Started behavior movement (behaviorism) behavior research dominated for 40 years believed unobservable things were unscientific wanted to make psych like all of the other sciences believed he could shape baby into whatever kind of person he wanted (little albert)
